现代意义上的文化学是随着资本主义的兴起而产生的 (中国古代虽早有“文化”和“文明”的词汇 ,但实指内容与现代文化学内涵是不同的 )。资本主义对封建传统的批判 ,使人们涉及文化领域 ,那时为了批判西方宗教神学的精神统治 ,启蒙思想家甚至从中国儒学中寻找武器。与西方资本 In the modern sense, the study of culture came into being with the rise of capitalism. Although ancient China had long ago possessed the concepts of “culture” and “civilization,” the actual content meant something different from modern cultural studies. Capitalist critique of the feudal tradition brought people to the cultural realm, when enlightenment thinkers even sought weapons from Chinese Confucianism in order to critique the spiritual rule of Western religious theology. With western capital