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本文报道了氮(尿素)和钾的施用量对草莓《(草莓属×蛇莓属)植株生长、养分吸收、果实产量和品质的影响进行的田间试验。在第一、第二季,施低量氮使植株生长和产量略有提高,但较高施氮量则他植株生长和产量明显降低。在高施氮量时,大量铵和可溶盐于第一季的春季在土壤中的积累可认为是抑制植株生长的最初原因,随着积累的铵的硝化,土壤出现酸化,结果铝和锰的毒害又影响了草莓的生长。在第二、第三季,未施氮和施低氮的情况下,钾的施用对植株的生长和产量有促进作用,但钾量之间则无差异。增高施钾量通常提高叶片的钾浓度,而降低镁和钙浓度。施钾对果实品质的化学指标无影响。但增高施氮量可提高α-氨基酸态氮浓度,施氮也可提高果实多酚浓度及降低抗坏血酸浓度,面对果实可滴定酸度和含糖量的影响则不一。此外,不同年份间的品质指标差异通常要比施氮引起的差异大。
This paper reports the field experiments on the effects of nitrogen (urea) and potassium on the growth, nutrient uptake, fruit yield and quality of strawberry "(Fragaria × Snakeberry). In the first and second quarters, the application of low nitrogen increased the plant growth and yield slightly, but the higher nitrogen application reduced the plant growth and yield remarkably. Accumulation of large amounts of ammonium and soluble salts in soils during the first season of spring can be considered as the primary reason for the inhibition of plant growth at high N rates, with acidification of soils with the accumulation of ammonium by nitrification, with the result that aluminum and manganese Poison also affects strawberry growth. In the second and third quarters, the application of potassium promoted the growth and yield of the plants under the conditions of no nitrogen application and low nitrogen application, but there was no difference between the amounts of potassium application. Increasing the amount of potassium generally increases the potassium concentration of the leaves and decreases the magnesium and calcium concentrations. Potassium application had no effect on the chemical index of fruit quality. However, nitrogen application increased the concentration of α-amino acid nitrogen, but also increased the concentration of polyphenol and decreased the content of ascorbic acid in fruit. The effects of titratable acidity and sugar content were different. In addition, the differences in quality indicators between different years are usually larger than those caused by nitrogen application.