[目的]探索表面活性剂对尸体标本保存液中甲醛挥发量的影响。[方法]将传统尸体标本保存液(甲醛质量分数为10%)置入数个500 m L烧杯内(每杯100 m L),实验1组:向烧杯内滴加0.01 m L十八烷基二甲基氯化铵乙醇溶液(质量浓度为100 mg/m3);实验2组:滴加0.01 m L二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物(质量浓度为100 mg/m3);未滴加者作为对照组。每组选取3个样本放入恒温箱内,调节温度为10℃、20℃、30℃和40℃,各温度点静置2 h。将相同数量的样本置于20℃恒温箱中,调节相对湿度为40%、60%、80%,各湿度点静置2 h。常温环境下,将样本置于不同风速的通风厨内,各风速环境中静置2 h。在各观察点测定静置后溶液中甲醛浓度,测算甲醛挥发量。[结果]对照组甲醛挥发量随着环境温度升高、湿度降低和风速加大而呈上升趋势;实验1组和实验2组甲醛挥发量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);实验2组挥发量低于实验1组(P<0.05)。[结论]十八烷基二甲基氯化铵乙醇溶液、二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物均能有效抑制标本保存液中甲醛的挥发,二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物抑制挥发效果更稳定。 [Objective] To explore the effect of surfactant on the amount of formaldehyde volatilization in cadaver specimen preservation solution. [Method] The traditional carcass sample preservation solution (formaldehyde content of 10%) was put into several 500 m L beakers (100 m L per cup). In experiment group 1, 0.01 m L octadecyl Dimethyl ammonium chloride ethanol solution (mass concentration of 100 mg / m3); experimental group 2: dropping 0.01 m L dimethicone - vinyl silicone oil mixture (mass concentration of 100 mg / m3) As a control group. Three samples in each group were placed in an incubator, and the temperature was adjusted to 10 ° C, 20 ° C, 30 ° C and 40 ° C, and each temperature was allowed to stand for 2 hours. The same number of samples were placed in a 20 ° C incubator, the relative humidity was adjusted to 40%, 60%, 80%, each humidity point for 2 h. Under normal temperature environment, the samples were placed in different speed ventilation kitchen, the wind speed environment, standing 2 h. The formaldehyde concentration in the solution after standing was measured at each observation point, and the amount of formaldehyde emission was calculated. [Result] The formaldehyde emission of the control group increased with the increase of ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed. The formaldehyde emission in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). In experimental group 2 Volatilization was lower than the experimental group 1 (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Both octadecyldimethylammonium chloride ethanol solution and dimethylsilicone oil - vinyl silicone oil mixture can effectively inhibit the volatilization of formaldehyde in sample preservation solution, and the mixture of dimethicone and vinyl silicone oil can inhibit the volatilization The effect is more stable.