前言重要锻件(特别是大锻件)内部质量的好坏,现在一般都用超声波探伤方法去检验。而锻件内部质量的合格标准,一般都由锻件的技术条件所规定。在锻件技术条件中,怎样去制订既安全,又材尽其用,工艺水平还能达得到的内部质量的合格标准呢?从现状看来,只有两个科学的途径,一个是对该种锻件材料做大量的断裂力学实验,得出数据带,做为制订标准的依据;另一个是对正存运行(和发生过事故)的该种锻件零件,用超声波探伤方法做大量的调查,然后进行统计分析得出实际数据,做为制订标准的依据。目前由这两个途径得出 Foreword Important forgings (especially forgings) internal quality is good or bad, are now generally used ultrasonic testing methods to test. The quality of the forging internal quality standards, usually by forging the technical conditions of the provisions. In the forging technical conditions, how to develop both safety, and make the best use, the level of technology can achieve the internal quality of the eligibility criteria? From the current situation, there are only two scientific ways, one is the kind of forgings Materials to do a lot of fracture mechanics experiments, the data obtained as a basis for the development of standards; the other is the positive operation (and the accident occurred) forging parts, with ultrasonic testing methods to do a lot of investigation, and then Statistical analysis of the actual data, as the basis for the development of standards. Now come from these two ways