小儿肿瘤是一门新学科,着重于诊断与治疗。肿瘤是小儿死亡的第二主要原因。治疗方面,手术是需要的,但应从多方面考虑手术的适应症,如肿瘤部位、发展情况等等。本文报告波兰二所大学医院过去十年间遇到的危及生命的肿瘤患儿40人。部位在咽、喉、腮腺、耳及颈部软组织。这些部位肿瘤可压迫呼吸道、食管或引起颈部大血管破裂出血。患儿年龄介于5天与17岁之间,其中29例恶性,11例良性。治疗包括手术,放疗和化疗。 29例恶性肿瘤中,鼻咽部者最多,计13例,大多数为横纹肌肉瘤,因这类肿瘤早期向四周组织浸润,故诊断时多已不能手术,预后差。中咽部肿瘤7例,6例发生于扁桃体,因其往往发现较早及彻底治疗机会较多,预后较好。本文7例 Pediatric tumors are a new discipline that focuses on diagnosis and treatment. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children. In terms of treatment, surgery is needed, but surgical indications should be considered in many aspects, such as the location of the tumor, development status, and so on. This article reports on 40 children with life-threatening tumors that have been encountered in two university hospitals in Poland during the past decade. Sites are in the pharynx, larynx, parotid glands, ears and neck soft tissue. These parts of the tumor can oppress the respiratory tract, esophagus, or cause bleeding from the major blood vessels in the neck. The age of the child was between 5 days and 17 years old, of which 29 were malignant and 11 were benign. Treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among the 29 cases of malignant tumors, most of them were nasopharyngeal, accounting for 13 cases, most of which were rhabdomyosarcoma. Because these tumors infiltrated into the surrounding tissue in the early stage, they could not be operated at the time of diagnosis and the prognosis was poor. There were 7 cases of middle pharyngeal tumors, and 6 cases occurred in the tonsils, because they often found earlier and thorough treatment opportunities and a good prognosis. This article 7 cases