民国时期,自然灾害频繁发生,在各种灾荒的打击下,灾民的心理发生了不同程度的变化,这些变化直接影响着灾民今后是否能够重拾生活的信心与灾后重建的决心。以豫东黄泛区受灾民众为例,对这一问题进行初探。认为黄泛区农民在经历常年的灾荒打击后,其心理的变化表现在思想观念中某些方面的传统和变异得到充分的体现,安土重迁的乡土观念在黄河泛滥前主要表现为黄泛区农民“候鸟”式的生活方式,长期季节性的在家乡与外地之间往返流动。黄河泛滥后又与之前有不同之处:农民流动群体扩大、不同时期流动群体的年龄差异、返乡时间的延长、在外地定居等等特点;宗族观念突破了传统的牢笼,呈现出逐渐淡漠的趋势;礼俗观念表现为“量变”基础上的传承和不可预见的突发性质变;黄泛区农民的恐慌心理也经历了由严重——稳定——淡化的转变过程,这又影响着黄泛区农民不同时期的生存行为。这些心理行为表现在与传统思想观念上有离异之处,也有回归的事实。 During the period of the Republic of China, natural disasters occurred frequently. Under various kinds of famines, the psychology of the victims changed in varying degrees. These changes have a direct impact on whether the victims will regain their confidence in life and their determination to rebuild after the earthquake. Taking the affected people in the Yellow River Flood Plain in eastern Henan as an example, this issue is discussed. The peasants in the Pan-pan-hua area, after experiencing the famine-hit years of perennial strikes, have shown their psychological changes in some aspects of their ideology and traditions and their variation. The concept of local empire relocated mainly to the Yellow River Farmers “migratory birds ” type of lifestyle, long-term seasonal flow between home and the field. After the Yellow River flooded, there were also differences with the previous ones: the floating population of peasants expanded, the age difference of floating population in different periods, the time of returning home, the settlement in the field, etc. The concept of clan broke through the traditional cage and showed a gradual indifference The etiquette and customs manifest as the inheritance and unpredictability of sudden changes on the basis of “quantitative change”; the panic of the peasants in the pan-pan region also experienced a process of transformation from severe to steady to weak, which in turn affected The Survival Behaviors of Farmers in the Flood Season in Different Periods. These psychological behaviors are different from the traditional ideas and concepts, but also return to the fact.