中国思想史上著名的“濠梁之辩”蕴含着一个现象学家广泛关注的根本问题,即他人的心灵是否可以通达以及如何通达。惠施和庄子分别代表了关于这个问题的两种不同立场。惠施认为他人的心灵是无法通达或直接体验的,这原则上与行为主义者和笛卡尔主义者的见解相一致。与此相反,庄子确信他人的心灵是可以直接通达的,而无需通过类比或外在表征的臆想去获得。这一观点也是现象学家的一般共识,尽管他们在许多细节问题上莫衷一是。值得注意的是,庄子强调语言在交互主体性中所扮演的独特作用,这很具有启发性。 The well-known “debate of Hao Liang” in the history of Chinese thought contains the fundamental question that phenomenologists pay close attention to widely, namely, whether other people’s minds can be accessible and how they can be reached. Hui Shi and Zhuang Zi respectively represented two different positions on this issue. Hui Shih believes that the mind of others is impassable or directly experienced, which is in principle in line with the opinions of the behaviorists and Descartes. In contrast, Chuang Tzu convinced others’ minds to be directly accessible, without the need to obtain it through the imagination of analogy or outward appearance. This view is also a general consensus of phenomenologists, though they are indifferent to many details. It is noteworthy that it is instructive to emphasize the unique role that language plays in the interactive subjectivity.