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南海诸岛主要由三类土壤组成，即富磷岩性均腐土，盐成土和新成土。这些土壤均发育于具有强石灰性的生物碎屑沉积物之上。富磷岩性均腐土的元素含量与母质相比，P、Zn、Cu、Ba、Cd多元素含量较高，且随成土时间的增加，其含量有增加的趋势，而Mg、Ca、Sr、B、V、PhMo等元素含量较低，随成立时间的增加逐渐降低。新成土和盐成上除P和Na元素含量较高外，其余元素均接近母质。南海诸岛独特的生物气候、母质等条件是造成上述元素分布特征的主要原因。同样，也导致了成土时间对元素分布产生明显的影响。富磷岩性均腐上的元素有效性以富磷、Zn和Cu为特征。盐成立以富B为特征。影响土壤元素有效性的因素主要有：土壤酸碱度、有机质含量、阳离子交换量及元素全量，这些因素中，元素全量对P、Zn和B等元素有效性影响最大，使得这些元素有效性也显示出与其全量类似的分异规律。
The South China Sea islands are mainly composed of three types of soils, namely, Phosphorus-rich lithospermic soil, salt-formed soil and newly formed soil. These soils are all developed over bioclastic sediments with strong calcareousness. The contents of P, Zn, Cu, Ba and Cd were higher than those of the parent material. The content of P, Zn, Cu, Ba and Cd increased with the increase of soil forming time, Sr, B, V, PhMo and other elements of the lower, with the establishment of the time increases gradually reduced. In addition to the newly formed soil and salt into the high P and Na elements, the rest of the elements are close to the parent material. The unique bioclimatic and parent materials of the South China Sea Islands are the main causes of the above-mentioned elemental distribution. Similarly, it also led to the significant influence of the time of soil formation on the distribution of the elements. Element availability on phosphorus-rich lithofacies is characterized by phosphorus, Zn, and Cu. The establishment of salt to rich B features. The main factors influencing the availability of soil elements are soil pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and elemental total amount. Among these factors, the total amount of elements has the greatest effect on the availability of elements such as P, Zn and B, and the effectiveness of these elements also shows Similar to its full amount of the law of differentiation.