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在洋务运动史的研究中,对洋务运动是否包括外交这一问题,分歧颇大。肯定洋务运动的进步性论者认为洋务运动是“内政”,不包括外交;否定洋务运动的进步性论者则认为妥协投降外交是洋务运动“不可分割的一部分”。可见,洋务运动与外交的关系,是洋务运动史深入讨论下去必须解决的一个重要症结。拙文拟就下面三个问题,提出不成熟的意见,即洋务与外交、洋务运动与外交、洋务派与外交。
In the history of the Westernization Movement, there was considerable disagreement as to whether the Westernization Movement included diplomacy. The progressive commentators affirming the Westernization Movement consider the Westernization Movement an “internal affair” that does not include diplomacy; and the progressive proponents of the negative Westernization Movement believe that compromise and surrender diplomacy are “an integral part of the Westernization Movement.” It can be seen that the relationship between the Westernization Movement and diplomacy is an important crux that must be solved in deepening the discussion on the history of the Westernization Movement. I Zhuo Wen proposed the following three issues, put forward immature opinions that foreign affairs and foreign affairs, the Westernization Movement and diplomacy, Westernization and diplomacy.