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目的探讨宜昌地区支气管哮喘患儿主要过敏原分布特点及意义,为儿童变应性呼吸道疾病的防治提供理论依据。方法采用变应原皮肤点刺诊断试剂盒对2011年3月～2012年2月在宜昌市中心人民医院儿童哮喘专家门诊诊治的218例哮喘患儿进行皮肤点刺试验。结果 (1)对218例哮喘患儿检测发现,总阳性率为74.31%(162例);(2)一种过敏原阳性率27.52%(60例),两种或两种以上种过敏原阳性率72.48%(158例);(3)最常见过敏原的前四位为户尘螨(71.10%)、粉尘螨(70.64%)、狗毛(4.13%)、猫毛(3.67%);(4)户尘螨及粉尘螨过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果与哮喘急性发作严重程度有关。结论全面检测并避免接触过敏原是有效控制儿童哮喘的重要环节,由于儿童过敏性哮喘急性发作严重程度与尘螨过敏原有关,避免接触户尘螨及粉尘螨可能成为预防中、重度哮喘急性发作的重要措施。
Objective To investigate the distribution and significance of major allergens in children with bronchial asthma in Yichang, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic respiratory diseases in children. Methods The allergen skin prick diagnostic kit was used to test skin prick tests of 218 asthmatic children diagnosed and treated by pediatric asthma specialists from March 2011 to February 2012 in Yichang Central People’s Hospital. Results (1) In 218 children with asthma, the total positive rate was 74.31% (162 cases). (2) The positive rate of one allergen was 27.52% (60 cases), two or more kinds of allergens were positive (71.10%), dust mite (70.64%), dog fur (4.13%), cat hair (3.67%); (3) the most common allergens were Dust mites 4) Home dust mites and dust mite allergens skin prick test results and the severity of the acute exacerbation of asthma. Conclusions Comprehensive detection and avoidance of allergens exposure are an important part of effective control of asthma in children. Because the severity of acute exacerbation of childhood allergic asthma is related to dust mite allergens, avoiding contact with house dust mites and dust mite may be an effective strategy to prevent acute exacerbation of moderate and severe asthma Important measure.