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本文首先比较了英语重读现象与汉语轻重音现象,阐述了不同超音段语境中元音的分布情况,并提出凸显概念来概述两种语言中的不同现象,认为重读/非重读与轻/重音现象虽然性质有别,功能却基本一致,都造成语音上的凸显与非凸显。凸显条件下,语音要素表现出它的全相特征,即发音完满、饱和,音高、音长、音强、音质以及响度等各种要素都能达到或接近标准范式;反之,非凸显条件下,语音要素普遍呈现出特征的残缺,包括音长缩短、音强减弱、元音音质央化。然后,讨论了日尔曼语以及诺曼斯语重音规则的历史变迁,以及这种变迁对元音变化的影响。最后提出语义表达与语音凸显的关系,韵律型凸显与句法结构、逻辑概念相关,感情型凸显与感情表达相关,它们是元音动态变化的原因,都具有制约线性音段音质的功能。结论指出,语言演化与社会系统状态相关,而语音凸显与非凸显是语言结构的一种微观状态,性质上类似语言所处社会宏观状态,从微观状态的论证可以推知宏观状态所具有的相似条件与演化性质。
This paper first compares the phenomenon of English re-reading and Chinese light-stress, expounds the distribution of vowels in different supersonic contexts, and puts forward the concept of highlighting to summarize the different phenomena in the two languages. It is concluded that rereading / non-rereading and light / Although the phenomenon of stress phenomenon is different, the function is basically the same, have caused the prominent and non-salient voice. Under the condition of highlighting, the phonetic features show its all-phase features, that is, all the elements such as perfect pronunciation, saturation, pitch, sound length, sound intensity, sound quality and loudness can reach or approach the standard paradigm; , Voice features generally show the incompleteness of features, including shortened sound length, reduced sound intensity, and vowel sound quality. Then, we discuss the historical changes of Germanic and Normans stress rules, and the impact of such changes on vowel changes. Finally, the relationship between the semantic expression and the speech prominence is proposed. The prosodic type prominence is related to the syntactic structure and logical concepts. The affective type is related to the emotional expression. These are the reasons for the dynamic change of the vowels. All of them have the function of limiting the sound quality of linear segments. The conclusion points out that the evolution of language is related to the state of social system, while the prominence and non-salience of speech are a kind of microcosmic state of language structure, which is similar in nature to the social macroscopic state of language. From the demonstration of microcosmic state, we can deduce the similar conditions of macroscopic state And evolutionary nature.