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回顾国内外玉米群体改良利用研究的概况,分析四川农业大学在玉米群体合成、改良与利用方面开展的研究及取得的主要成果,结合玉米育种发展趋势,对进一步提高玉米群体改良利用效率提出思路。就研究方法和内容而言,应将传统方法和现代分子生物学技术结合,重点研究群体农艺性状及配合力表现、遗传多样性、杂种优势和遗传组成等,探明群体育种潜势;合成群体时,应按杂优类群选择自身性状优良、配合力高且彼此又有一定差异的材料,以适当协调群体的遗传异质性与群体内优良个体出现频率两者的矛盾,在对群体遗传育种潜势评价的基础上,应针对群体存在的问题,确定好选择目标性状和选择强度,并利用适当的轮回选择方法进行改良,以提高玉米群体改良利用效率;在群体改良过程中,应定期进行群体改良效果评价,以便根据评价结果及时调整改良方案;在利用人工合成改良群体选系前,应对群体的育种潜势进行评价,并根据群体遗传特性和自交后代配合力表现,采取相应的策略和方法。
Reviewing the general situation of research on improvement and utilization of maize populations at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the research results and the main achievements made by Sichuan Agricultural University on the synthesis, improvement and utilization of maize populations. Combining with the development trend of maize breeding, this paper puts forward some ideas to further improve the efficiency of maize population improvement. In terms of research methods and contents, the combination of traditional methods and modern molecular biology techniques should focus on the study of agronomic traits and their combining ability, genetic diversity, heterosis and genetic composition, , We should choose the best quality trait hybrids with high combining ability and certain differences with each other, so as to coordinate the contradiction between the genetic heterogeneity of the group and the frequency of the appearance of the good individuals in the group, Potential evaluation based on the problem of population should be to determine the choice of the target trait and the intensity of selection, and use the appropriate method of recurrent selection to improve, improve the efficiency of corn population improvement and utilization; in the process of group improvement, should be carried out on a regular basis Population improvement effect evaluation in order to timely adjust the improvement program according to the evaluation results. Before using artificial selection to improve the population selection, the breeding potential of the population should be evaluated, and according to the population genetic characteristics and self-cross offspring combining ability, the corresponding strategies And method.