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1912年中华民国临时政府在南京成立,随即颁布《中华民国临时约法》,是为中国第一部资产阶级宪法文本,奠定了资产阶级民主共和国的基础。袁世凯就任总统后于1914年按自己意志颁布《中华民国约法》,以高度集中个人权力。袁世凯倒台后就副总统黎元洪的继任和新旧约法存废问题,南北双方展开激烈论证,最后北洋政府被迫承认民国元年约法。当时无论是南方革命派还是西南军阀,甚至北洋政府内部人士都更加倾向于旧约法,反映了民国初年各政治派别对新成立的民国和反封建革命成果的一种认同。
The establishment of the interim government of the Republic of China in Nanjing in 1912 and the promulgation of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China were the first texts for the bourgeois constitution in China and laid the foundation for a bourgeois democratic republic. After taking office as president, Yuan Shikai promulgated the “ROC Law” in 1914 according to his own will to highly concentrate his personal power. After the fall of Yuan Shikai, the successor to Vice President Li Yuanhong and the question of the abolition of the Old and New Testament laws arose in heated arguments. At last, the Beiyang government was forced to recognize the Covenant of the First Year of the Republic of China. At that time, both the southern revolutionaries and the southwest warlords and even the Beiyang government insiders tended to be more inclined to the Old Testament code, reflecting the recognition of the political factions in the early Republic of China over the newly formed Republican and anti-feudal revolutionary achievements.