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马克思关于实体经济与虚拟资本,货币的本质、纸币及其流通规律,相对剩余价值的生产及其创新,平均利润及其形成条件等论述,对于当前宏观经济政策有着现实启示:GDP掩盖了实体经济和虚拟经济的区别,实体经济是一国国民经济的基础,应当充分重视实体经济的发展;马克思的货币理论并不支持多发货币刺激经济的宽松货币政策,央行多发的纸币有时作用是消极的;通过超额剩余价值不断引致相对剩余价值的生产模式,是马克思笔下市场经济的主要生产模式,其本质是创新,因此调整经济结构是当务之急,而创新需要社会条件;平均利润表征着市场经济的成熟和社会资源的最佳分配,一些非自然垄断的部门凭借垄断地位获得超额利润,抑制了创新的冲动,其造成的收入分配不公之现象需要加以克服。
Marx’s discussion on the real economy and virtual capital, the nature of currency, the law of banknotes and their circulation, the production of relative surplus value and its innovation, the average profit and the conditions for its formation have some practical implications for the current macroeconomic policies: GDP masks the real economy And the difference between the fictitious economy, the real economy is the foundation of the national economy of a country, full attention should be paid to the development of the real economy; Marx’s monetary theory does not support the loose monetary policy of multiple currencies to stimulate the economy; sometimes the central bank’s banknotes are sometimes negative; The mode of production which leads to the relative surplus value through excess surplus value is the main production mode of market economy by Marx. The essence is innovation. Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the economic structure while innovation requires social conditions. Average profit represents the maturity of market economy and The optimal distribution of social resources, some non-natural monopoly departments to obtain excess profits by monopoly, inhibit the impulse of innovation, the resulting inequality in income distribution needs to be overcome.