科学社会主义是打倒“四人帮”以后在我们国家建立起来的一门新学科。作为一种学说,科学社会主义早在一百多年以前就诞生了。自从恩格斯的《反杜林论》发表以来,人们通常把马克思主义分为三个组成部分。虽然已经有人指出马克思主义不止这三个组成部分,但不可否认,马克思主义的哲学(辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义)、政治经济学、科学社会主义仍然是它的学说的主要内容。那么为什么又说科学社会主义是一门新建的学科呢?这是因为,把它作为一门单独的理论课程,编成具有一定理论体系的教科书,是近些年才开始的。马克思恩格斯首先是革命家。他们的科学思想,是从无产阶级斗争的实际需要出发,来为无产阶级奠定理论基础的;把他们著作中的思想观点加以整理并加进在他们之后科学发展的 Scientific socialism is a new discipline established in our country after the downfall of the “gang of four.” As a theory, scientific socialism was born over a hundred years ago. Since Engels's Anti-Duhring Theory was published, Marxism has usually been divided into three components. Although it has been pointed out that there are more than three components of Marxism, it is undeniable that the Marxist philosophy (dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy, and scientific socialism remain the main contents of its doctrine. Then why did we say that scientific socialism is a newly created subject? This is because it has only been started in recent years as a separate theoretical course compiled into a textbook with a certain theoretical system. Marx and Engels are revolutionaries in the first place. Their scientific thinking is based on the actual needs of the proletarian struggle to lay the theoretical foundation for the proletariat; to organize the ideological perspectives in their writings and add them to their scientific development