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雕漆工艺起源于髹漆,是髹饰、绘画、雕刻相结合的工艺。雕漆又名漆雕,就其工艺而言,可分为剔红、剔犀、剔彩、堆红、款彩等,明代后期才总称为雕漆。雕漆工艺纷繁复杂,始于唐,兴于宋、元,盛于明、清。唐代漆雕古拙,刀法快利。宋、元的雕漆工艺则在唐的基础上,有了较大的发展,逐渐形成刀法藏锋不露、磨工圆滑的特点。宋代雕漆除了出土的剔犀作品外,还有剔黑和剔红两种。元代雕漆趋向写实,刀工圆润细腻,装饰图案颇具特色。图案主要以花卉鸟禽、山水人物为主。元代的传世作品较多,较为著名的有张成、杨茂、张敏德等。现存北京故宫博物院的栀子纹剔红圆盘(图1)是元代著名工匠张成
Carved lacquer craft originated in lacquer, is a combination of decoration, painting, sculpture process. Carved lacquer, also known as lacquer, in terms of its technology, can be divided into tick, tick rhinoceros, tick color, heap red, paragraph color, etc., the latter part of the Ming Dynasty was always referred to as carved lacquer. Diaoqi process complicated, began in the Tang, Xing Song, Yuan, Sheng Yu Ming, Qing. Tang Dynasty lacquer ancient clumsy knife fast. Song, Yuan carved lacquer craft is based on the Tang, with greater development, and gradually form a knife-edge possession of Feng Feng, smooth grinding features. In addition to the Song Dynasty unearthed carved scotch rhinoceros works, there are two black tick and tick. Yuan Dynasty carved lacquer trend realistic, knife and mellow delicate, decorative patterns quite distinctive. The main pattern flowers and birds, landscapes mainly. The Yuan Dynasty handed down more works, the more famous are Zhang Cheng, Yang Mao, Zhang Minde and so on. The existing gardenia check mark of the National Palace Museum in Beijing (Figure 1) is a famous artisan Zhang Yuan