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目的了解沈阳市孕妇营养知识知晓及对孕期营养知识的需求情况。方法用自行设计的自填式问卷,对沈阳市10个区、县(市)登记在册的3203名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果孕期营养知识10道题16个知识点平均知晓率为56.4%,不同城区间孕妇知晓率不同,其中城市为60.9%、郊区为55.1%、农村为48.0%,三者间差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.06,P<0.01),不同学历间孕妇知晓率不同,其中初中为45.8%、高中为52.9%、大专为62.3%、本科为67.7%、研究生为72.6%,其间差异有统计学意义(χ2=102.53,P<0.01),且学历越高,知晓率越高。“含优质蛋白质的食物”及“每天吃水果的时间”知识点掌握最差。影响孕期营养知识掌握的因素,经回归分析得其保护因素是年龄(β=0.04,OR=1.04,P<0.01)和文化程度(β=0.56,OR=1.75,P<0.01);危险因素是城区(β=-0.17,OR=0.84,P<0.01)。孕妇需求最高的是孕期营养知识,高达77.4%,知识知晓与妊娠结局有关。结论沈阳地区孕妇营养知识水平有待提高。文化程度是影响孕妇掌握营养知识的最主要因素。在开展孕期营养健康教育时要有针对性。
Objective To understand the nutrition knowledge of pregnant women in Shenyang and the demand for nutrition knowledge during pregnancy. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 3203 pregnant women registered in 10 districts and counties (cities) in Shenyang City. Results The average awareness rate of 16 knowledge points in 10 items of nutrition knowledge during pregnancy was 56.4%. The pregnant women in different urban areas had different awareness rates, with 60.9% in urban areas, 55.1% in suburbs and 48.0% in rural areas, with significant differences among the three (χ2 = 43.06, P <0.01). There were different awareness rates of pregnant women among different academic qualifications, with 45.8% of junior high school, 52.9% of high school, 62.3% of college, 67.7% of undergraduates and 72.6% of postgraduates, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 102.53, P <0.01), and the higher education, the higher the awareness rate. “High-quality protein foods ” and “Eat fruit every day ” the worst knowledge point. The factors influencing the mastery of nutritional knowledge during pregnancy were regression analysis. The protective factors were age (β = 0.04, OR = 1.04, P <0.01) and education level (β = 0.56, OR = 1.75, P <0.01) Urban area (β = -0.17, OR = 0.84, P <0.01). The highest demand of pregnant women is nutritional knowledge during pregnancy, up to 77.4%, knowledge and pregnancy related to pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion pregnant women in Shenyang nutritional knowledge level needs to be improved. The level of education is the most important factor affecting pregnant women to master nutrition knowledge. To carry out nutritional health education during pregnancy should be targeted.