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从探雷犬的鼻子说起 1997年,美国国防高级研究计划局启动了一项耗资2500万美元的3年计划,旨在研究利用地雷的化学特征来探测地雷的装备。这项利用了仿生学原理的计划被称为“电子鼻”(或“电子狗鼻”)计划,因为它所依据的探雷原理类似于探雷犬靠嗅觉探测地雷。当今流行的地雷探测技术包括:基于电磁感应的物理探测、穿透地层的雷达、红外探测系统等。这些技术是利用地雷的装药和发火装置与周围环境在物理特性上的差异来进行探测,例如,红外和光电探测方法利用的是光学特征的差异,雷达探测方法利用的是介电常数
In 1993, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency launched a three-year $ 25 million plan to study the use of land-based chemical features to detect land-mines. This biomimicry-based project is known as the “electronic nose” (or “e-nose”) program, because it is based on the same mine detection principle as sniffer dogs sniffing mines. Today’s popular mine detection technologies include: physical detection based on electromagnetic induction, penetrating formation radar, infrared detection system and so on. These techniques exploit the difference in physical characteristics between the charge and ignition devices of mines and the surrounding environment. For example, infrared and photodetection methods use differences in optical characteristics. Radar detection methods use dielectric constant