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一､ 词汇过关
1. argue
【用法】 既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“辩论;争论;劝说;说服”,常与against, about, over, with, into, out of连用｡例如:
They are arguing an important question at the meeting. 他们正在会议上辩论一个重大问题｡
He argued them into continuing the experiment. 他说服他们继续这个实验｡
He is always ready to argue about politics with Mike. 他随时准备跟迈克辩论政治｡
【拓展】 argue的名词为argument? argue about与argue over同义,都表示“为……争论”的意思;argue with意为“同某人争论”;argue against意为“据理反对”;argue sb. into (out of) doing sth. 说服某人(不)做某事｡
2. smart
【用法】 用作形容词,意思是“聪明的;机敏的;精明的”｡例如:
The dog is a smart animal. 狗是聪明的动物｡
smart还有“帅气的;衣着讲究的;整齐的”的意思｡例如:
You look very smart in this new skirt. 你穿上这裙子看上去很漂亮｡
Make yourself smart before all the guests arrive. 赶快打扮一下,客人们马上要到了｡
A smart tie and a dirty collar don’t go well together.漂亮的领带与肮脏的领口在一起不相称｡
在作形容词时,smart还可表示“时髦的;轻快的”意思｡例如:
He went off at a smart pace. 他快步走开了｡
【辨析】 smart与bright意为“聪明;机灵”,多指反应快,通常指年轻人或小孩,常用于口语中,其反义词为dull;clever意为“聪明的;擅长的”,是常用的词,多指领悟能力强,其反义词是foolish;wise意为“明智的;聪明的”,表示由于知识､经验丰富而作出正确选择,其反义词为unwise, muddled｡例如:
Edison’s teacher said that he was not bright and not worth teaching.爱迪生的老师说他不聪明,不值得一教｡
A clever and diligent student got the first prize.一个聪明而又勤奋的学生得了一等奖｡
His wise father knows how to handle him.他父亲很明智,知道如何管教他｡
3. survive
【用法】 既可用作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意思是“幸免于;从……中生还;幸存”｡例如:
Few of the houses survived the war.不毁于这场战争的房子寥寥无几｡
Only three of the wounded survived.伤员中只有三个人活了下来｡
还可表示“remain alive after sb. 比(某人)长命”｡例如:
The old man survived all his children.老人的孩子都先他而去世了｡
【拓展】 survive的名词为survival,意为“继续生存或存在;存活;幸存”,为不可数名词;也可以作“过去时代留存下来的人､物､风俗､信仰等”,此时为可数名词｡例如:
Sometimes there is survival of people in the crash.空难事件中有时有的人大难不死｡
4. share
【用法】 用作名词时,表示“份;份额”的意思｡例如:
I’ll bear my share of the expenses. 我愿意承担我那一份费用｡
I did my share of the work. 我干完了分给我的工作｡
share可以用作及物动词,表示“合用”的意思｡例如:
I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和我姐姐合住一间卧室｡
You don’t have to buy a newspaper? you can share mine.你不必买报纸,你可以和我合看我的｡
share还可以用作及物动词,表示“分担;分享;共享”的意思｡例如:
Try to get some more, we’ll share them. 再弄一些,咱俩分享吧｡
We must share the joys and hardships of the masses. 我们必须和群众同甘共苦｡
【搭配】 share in意为“分享;分担”;share out意为“分配;分发”｡
二､ 短语突破
1. be into 热衷于;对……感兴趣
He isn’t into modern dance.他对现代舞不感兴趣｡
2. be fond of 喜欢……;爱好……
I am very fond of jazz. 我非常喜爱爵士音乐｡
He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球｡
3. make a fire 生火
The young woman went into the kitchen, made a fire and began to cook. 这位年轻的妇女进了厨房,生起火开始做饭｡
The hunters made a fire to boil up some water. 猎人生火来烧些开水｡
【拓展】 catch fire表示“着火;烧起来”;on fire表示“燃烧着的”的意思;set fire to ...意思同set ... on fire,意为“放火烧……”｡
4. in order to意为“为了……”,常用来表示目的,在句中作状语｡例如:
She got up early in order to catch the school bus.她起得早是为了赶上校车｡
这个短语通常不用于句首,若用在句首一般省去in order,单用动词不定式或短语表示目的｡例如:
To catch up with his classmates, Tom worked hard.为了赶上同学,汤姆刻苦学习｡
5. hunt for搜寻;追寻;寻找
Chuck had to learn how to hunt for food.查克不得不学寻找食物的方法｡
He was hunting for lost books here and there.他在到处寻找遗失的书籍｡
6. care about 担心;关心
I don’t care about what people think of. 我不在乎别人怎么想｡
【辨析】 care about 指“关切某事”, 表示某事重要而不管别人喜欢或不喜欢;care for指“对……有所爱好”或“想要;介意”｡例如:
Would you care for some tea? 喝点茶,好吗?
I don’t much care for my clothes.我不太讲究衣着｡
7. such as 例如;像……这样的
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我参观过几座城市,像纽约､芝加哥､波士顿等｡
【辨析】 such as只能用来列举同类人或事物中的一个或几个例子,不能列举全部｡若列举全部要用namely(即),而且前后均要用逗号点断｡可以用like代替;用for example代替也可以,但for example一般作插入语,前后用逗号隔开,可置于句首､句中或句末,而不必像such as和like那样一定放在列举的人或事物之前｡
三､ 句式解析
1. My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.我的兴趣是读小说､踢足球和唱歌｡
句中的reading novels, playing football和singing songs是动名词作表语｡除了动名词外,不定式也可用作表语｡动词不定式(短语)也可作表语,但不定式作表语与动名词作表语所表达的意思稍有不同,不定式指的是“将来要做”,是一次性行为,而动名词指的是常常发生的习惯性的行为｡例如:
My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语｡(教英语是我的工作｡)
My task of coming here is to teach the child a song.我来这里的任务是教这孩子一首歌｡(教歌是将要发生的一次性行为｡)
另外,动名词和不定式也可用来作主语､宾语､表语等等｡作宾语时,动名词表示的是惯常动作而不定式则表示的是具体的､一次性的行为｡例如:
I like swimming in the river? but I don’t like to swim in the pool today. 我喜欢在河里游泳,但今天我不想在这个池里游泳｡
2. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天,查克在飞越太平洋时,突然他的飞机坠毁了｡
句中的when用作从属连词,意思是“就在那时/这时”(= and at that / this time),“然后”(= and then), 通常与“be about to do ...”､“be doing ...”或“be on the point of doing ...”连用｡例如:
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要离开,这时电话铃响了起来｡
We were about to start when a strong wind came up and it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时刮起了大风,天开始下起雨来｡
3. He also learned that he should have cared more about his friends.他还认识到,自己本该多多关心朋友的｡
should have done sth.常常用来表示说话人对过去应该做某事而实际上某事没有做的一种责备､警告或感慨｡例如:
The flowers have faded? you should have watered them in time. 花已经凋谢了,你应该及时浇水｡(事实上过去没有及时浇水｡)
You are late by 15 minutes. You should have come here earlier. 你已经迟到15分钟了,你应该早点来｡(事实上来迟了｡)
另外,should have done也可在“It be (seem) ... that ...”句型中用来表示“对已发生的事情的一种惊讶”｡例如:
It is an unbelievable thing that such an excellent football team should have failed in the final. 这样出色的球队竟然会在决赛中失利,这真是一件令人难以相信的事｡
1. argue
【用法】 既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“辩论;争论;劝说;说服”,常与against, about, over, with, into, out of连用｡例如:
They are arguing an important question at the meeting. 他们正在会议上辩论一个重大问题｡
He argued them into continuing the experiment. 他说服他们继续这个实验｡
He is always ready to argue about politics with Mike. 他随时准备跟迈克辩论政治｡
【拓展】 argue的名词为argument? argue about与argue over同义,都表示“为……争论”的意思;argue with意为“同某人争论”;argue against意为“据理反对”;argue sb. into (out of) doing sth. 说服某人(不)做某事｡
2. smart
【用法】 用作形容词,意思是“聪明的;机敏的;精明的”｡例如:
The dog is a smart animal. 狗是聪明的动物｡
smart还有“帅气的;衣着讲究的;整齐的”的意思｡例如:
You look very smart in this new skirt. 你穿上这裙子看上去很漂亮｡
Make yourself smart before all the guests arrive. 赶快打扮一下,客人们马上要到了｡
A smart tie and a dirty collar don’t go well together.漂亮的领带与肮脏的领口在一起不相称｡
在作形容词时,smart还可表示“时髦的;轻快的”意思｡例如:
He went off at a smart pace. 他快步走开了｡
【辨析】 smart与bright意为“聪明;机灵”,多指反应快,通常指年轻人或小孩,常用于口语中,其反义词为dull;clever意为“聪明的;擅长的”,是常用的词,多指领悟能力强,其反义词是foolish;wise意为“明智的;聪明的”,表示由于知识､经验丰富而作出正确选择,其反义词为unwise, muddled｡例如:
Edison’s teacher said that he was not bright and not worth teaching.爱迪生的老师说他不聪明,不值得一教｡
A clever and diligent student got the first prize.一个聪明而又勤奋的学生得了一等奖｡
His wise father knows how to handle him.他父亲很明智,知道如何管教他｡
3. survive
【用法】 既可用作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意思是“幸免于;从……中生还;幸存”｡例如:
Few of the houses survived the war.不毁于这场战争的房子寥寥无几｡
Only three of the wounded survived.伤员中只有三个人活了下来｡
还可表示“remain alive after sb. 比(某人)长命”｡例如:
The old man survived all his children.老人的孩子都先他而去世了｡
【拓展】 survive的名词为survival,意为“继续生存或存在;存活;幸存”,为不可数名词;也可以作“过去时代留存下来的人､物､风俗､信仰等”,此时为可数名词｡例如:
Sometimes there is survival of people in the crash.空难事件中有时有的人大难不死｡
4. share
【用法】 用作名词时,表示“份;份额”的意思｡例如:
I’ll bear my share of the expenses. 我愿意承担我那一份费用｡
I did my share of the work. 我干完了分给我的工作｡
share可以用作及物动词,表示“合用”的意思｡例如:
I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和我姐姐合住一间卧室｡
You don’t have to buy a newspaper? you can share mine.你不必买报纸,你可以和我合看我的｡
share还可以用作及物动词,表示“分担;分享;共享”的意思｡例如:
Try to get some more, we’ll share them. 再弄一些,咱俩分享吧｡
We must share the joys and hardships of the masses. 我们必须和群众同甘共苦｡
【搭配】 share in意为“分享;分担”;share out意为“分配;分发”｡
二､ 短语突破
1. be into 热衷于;对……感兴趣
He isn’t into modern dance.他对现代舞不感兴趣｡
2. be fond of 喜欢……;爱好……
I am very fond of jazz. 我非常喜爱爵士音乐｡
He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球｡
3. make a fire 生火
The young woman went into the kitchen, made a fire and began to cook. 这位年轻的妇女进了厨房,生起火开始做饭｡
The hunters made a fire to boil up some water. 猎人生火来烧些开水｡
【拓展】 catch fire表示“着火;烧起来”;on fire表示“燃烧着的”的意思;set fire to ...意思同set ... on fire,意为“放火烧……”｡
4. in order to意为“为了……”,常用来表示目的,在句中作状语｡例如:
She got up early in order to catch the school bus.她起得早是为了赶上校车｡
这个短语通常不用于句首,若用在句首一般省去in order,单用动词不定式或短语表示目的｡例如:
To catch up with his classmates, Tom worked hard.为了赶上同学,汤姆刻苦学习｡
5. hunt for搜寻;追寻;寻找
Chuck had to learn how to hunt for food.查克不得不学寻找食物的方法｡
He was hunting for lost books here and there.他在到处寻找遗失的书籍｡
6. care about 担心;关心
I don’t care about what people think of. 我不在乎别人怎么想｡
【辨析】 care about 指“关切某事”, 表示某事重要而不管别人喜欢或不喜欢;care for指“对……有所爱好”或“想要;介意”｡例如:
Would you care for some tea? 喝点茶,好吗?
I don’t much care for my clothes.我不太讲究衣着｡
7. such as 例如;像……这样的
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我参观过几座城市,像纽约､芝加哥､波士顿等｡
【辨析】 such as只能用来列举同类人或事物中的一个或几个例子,不能列举全部｡若列举全部要用namely(即),而且前后均要用逗号点断｡可以用like代替;用for example代替也可以,但for example一般作插入语,前后用逗号隔开,可置于句首､句中或句末,而不必像such as和like那样一定放在列举的人或事物之前｡
三､ 句式解析
1. My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.我的兴趣是读小说､踢足球和唱歌｡
句中的reading novels, playing football和singing songs是动名词作表语｡除了动名词外,不定式也可用作表语｡动词不定式(短语)也可作表语,但不定式作表语与动名词作表语所表达的意思稍有不同,不定式指的是“将来要做”,是一次性行为,而动名词指的是常常发生的习惯性的行为｡例如:
My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语｡(教英语是我的工作｡)
My task of coming here is to teach the child a song.我来这里的任务是教这孩子一首歌｡(教歌是将要发生的一次性行为｡)
另外,动名词和不定式也可用来作主语､宾语､表语等等｡作宾语时,动名词表示的是惯常动作而不定式则表示的是具体的､一次性的行为｡例如:
I like swimming in the river? but I don’t like to swim in the pool today. 我喜欢在河里游泳,但今天我不想在这个池里游泳｡
2. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天,查克在飞越太平洋时,突然他的飞机坠毁了｡
句中的when用作从属连词,意思是“就在那时/这时”(= and at that / this time),“然后”(= and then), 通常与“be about to do ...”､“be doing ...”或“be on the point of doing ...”连用｡例如:
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要离开,这时电话铃响了起来｡
We were about to start when a strong wind came up and it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时刮起了大风,天开始下起雨来｡
3. He also learned that he should have cared more about his friends.他还认识到,自己本该多多关心朋友的｡
should have done sth.常常用来表示说话人对过去应该做某事而实际上某事没有做的一种责备､警告或感慨｡例如:
The flowers have faded? you should have watered them in time. 花已经凋谢了,你应该及时浇水｡(事实上过去没有及时浇水｡)
You are late by 15 minutes. You should have come here earlier. 你已经迟到15分钟了,你应该早点来｡(事实上来迟了｡)
另外,should have done也可在“It be (seem) ... that ...”句型中用来表示“对已发生的事情的一种惊讶”｡例如:
It is an unbelievable thing that such an excellent football team should have failed in the final. 这样出色的球队竟然会在决赛中失利,这真是一件令人难以相信的事｡