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磁共振弥散张量成像技术(DTI)是一种可对水分子运动差异进行定量测量的检查技术.本文通过DTI成像原理、相关技术量化指标及其临床意义、正常肾脏解剖特点做了简要回顾,同时对国内外近年来对健康人肾脏皮、髓质FA值差异性,左右肾脏不同解剖部位FA值差异性,男女性别与肾实质FA值影响进行综述,意在指出DTI对弥漫性肾脏疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有潜在价值,逐渐成为临床无创评估肾脏结构、肾脏滤过和重吸收功能的一种新型检查技术.,MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a quantitative measurement which can check the movement variance of water molecules.This article overviews the principles of DTI imaging, quantitative indicators of some relevant techniques and DTI clinical meaning, as well as the characteristics of normal kidney dissection.At the same time, the article reviews the difference between the cortex of a healthy person’s kidney and medulla FA values, the difference among FA values from different dissecting parts of the right and left kidney, as well as gender influence on the renal parenchyma FA values, aiming at pointing out the potential values of DTI in diagnosing and identifying diffusing renal diseases, which is expected to become a new clinical examining method of noninvasive kidney structure.