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自从试验机在18世纪初出现后,它逐渐地完善起来并具有多种功能。对于实验室的岩石破坏研究来讲,试验机技术的两点最新进展是特别重要的;即刚性试验机的发展和反馈控制系统的使用。在材料试验中,长期以来力作为独立变量,但是用等加载速率进行岩石力学试验达到力——位移曲线的峰值时,不可避免地产生猛烈的失去控制的破坏。如果将位移作为独立变量,在刚性或反馈控制系统的试验机中,可以实现等位移速率,这样就可以控制岩石的破坏。这篇论文包括试验机的简要历史和用刚性和侗服控制试验机控制岩石破坏的原理的详细讨论。论述了刚性试验机从1935年到现在的发展,还详细讨论了岩石试件的刚度和试验机的刚度(这两种因秦既不是固定的也不是独立的)。在闭路侗服控制试验机中,控制岩石破坏的能力是由快速响应时间和正确选择反馈信号所决定的。本文解释了这些因素并给出了正确控制的示例,这些现在在岩石破坏的试验研究中是能够作到的,而在几年以前则是不可能的或不实际的。
Since the appearance of the testing machine in the early 18th century, it has gradually improved and has a variety of functions. For laboratory rock failure studies, the two latest advances in testing machine technology are particularly important; the development of rigid testing machines and the use of feedback control systems. In material tests, forces have long been used as independent variables, but when rock mechanics tests are performed with equal loading rates to reach the peak of the force-displacement curve, a violent loss of control inevitably occurs. If the displacement is used as an independent variable, equal displacement rates can be achieved in a rigid or feedback control system testing machine so that rock failure can be controlled. This paper includes a brief history of the testing machine and a detailed discussion of the principles of controlling rock failure using rigid and concrete control testing machines. The development of the rigid testing machine from 1935 to the present is discussed. The stiffness of the rock specimen and the rigidity of the testing machine are also discussed in detail (these two are neither fixed nor independent due to Qin). In the closed-loop control tester, the ability to control rock failure is determined by the fast response time and the correct choice of feedback signals. This article explains these factors and gives examples of correct controls that can now be done in rock failure experiments, which were impossible or impractical years ago.