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【目的】评价低温对冷敏感香蕉品种Williams(Musa acuminata AAA cv.Williams)和耐冷香蕉品种野生二倍体(Musa acuminata,AA group)的影响,探讨香蕉耐冷机制,为香蕉抗冷性改良的遗传育种提供参考及香蕉生产提供理论指导。【方法】经10、5和2℃低温胁迫处理24 h后,收集两个香蕉品种的叶片,测定其生理生化指标,调查叶片脂质过氧化水平[丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和不同色素含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性]。在正常生长条件下的两个香蕉品种植株设为对照。【结果】经不同低温处理后,野生二倍体香蕉叶片中脯氨酸和不同色素含量均明显增加,而MDA含量降低;与对照相比,冷敏感香蕉品种Williams的脯氨酸和MDA含量相对较高,而不同色素含量无明显差异。低温条件下,两个不同香蕉品种叶片抗氧化酶活性表现有所不同。与对照相比,不同低温处理的野生香蕉种质叶片SOD活性出现明显下降趋势,而CAT和POD活性保持较高水平;但低温处理的Williams叶片SOD、CAT和POD活性变化与对照无明显差异。【结论】野生二倍体香蕉的较高耐冷性可能与其生理生化指标的变化有关;野生二倍体香蕉具有较强的抗寒性,可作为筛选香蕉抗寒种质的中间材料。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low temperature on the cold-sensitive banana varieties (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Williams) and cold-tolerant banana varieties Musa acuminata (AA group) Breeding provide a reference and banana production to provide theoretical guidance. 【Method】 Leaves of two banana cultivars were harvested at low temperature stress of 10, 5 and 2 ℃ for 24 h. Their physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. The levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA, Proline and Different pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity]. Two banana variety plants under normal growth conditions were set as controls. 【Result】 The contents of proline and different pigment in wild diploid banana leaves increased significantly and MDA content decreased after different low temperature treatments. Compared with the control, the contents of proline and MDA in cold-sensitive banana variety Williams were relatively Higher, but different pigment content no significant difference. Under low temperature, the antioxidant enzyme activities of two different banana cultivars differed. Compared with the control, SOD activity of wild banana germplasm decreased obviously while CAT and POD activity kept relatively high. However, the activity of SOD, CAT and POD of leaves treated with low temperature had no significant difference compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 The higher cold tolerance of wild diploid banana may be related to the changes of its physiological and biochemical indexes. Wild diploid banana has strong cold resistance and can be used as the intermediate material for screening cold-resistant banana germplasm.