视网膜静脉阻塞是一组病因复杂、临床表现多样的视网膜血管病。流行病学研究发现眼部主要危险因素有筛板解剖结构、动静脉交叉类型、屈光状态、眼轴长度和青光眼；全身危险因素有性别、年龄、种族、高血压病、糖尿病、血液流变学改变、血液沉降率、脱水及禁食。减少视网膜静脉阻塞发生的保护性因素有参加体育锻炼、妇女补充雌激素和血液中高密度脂蛋白水平 Retinal vein occlusion is a group of complex causes of retinal vascular disease with various clinical manifestations. Epidemiological studies found that the main eye risk factors are the anatomical structure of the sieve, arteriovenous cross type, refractive status, axial length and glaucoma; systemic risk factors such as gender, age, race, hypertension, diabetes, blood rheology Changes in learning, blood sedimentation rate, dehydration and fasting. Protective factors to reduce the occurrence of retinal vein occlusion are involved in physical exercise, women estrogen replacement and blood levels of high-density lipoprotein