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膀胱癌不论使用何种方法治疗,其复发率仍然较高。降低膀胱癌的复发率成为泌尿外科的一个重要研究课题。1976年Morales首先使用卡介苗(BCG)治疗表浅膀胱肿瘤,使复发率降到15—20%。国内外越来越多地使用这一疗法。现结合有关文献综述如下。 作用机制 Lew’s 1924年发现结核菌感染有明显促进免疫反应的作用。Dienes证实了上述发现,并指出结核菌感染能增强宿主皮肤迟发过敏反应能力。由于膀胱移行细胞癌具有抗原性,因此适用于免疫疗法,在特异性免疫方法未找到之前,使用BCG增强机体的非特异性免疫
Regardless of the method used to treat bladder cancer, the recurrence rate is still high. Reducing the recurrence rate of bladder cancer has become an important research topic in urology. In 1976 Morales first used BCG to treat superficial bladder tumors, reducing the recurrence rate to 15-20%. This therapy is increasingly used at home and abroad. The relevant literature is summarized below. Mechanism of action Lew’s found that TB infection in 1924 significantly promoted the immune response. Dienes confirmed the above findings and pointed out that M. tuberculosis infection can increase the ability of the host to delay allergic reactions to the skin. Since bladder transitional cell carcinoma is antigenic, it is suitable for immunotherapy, and BCG is used to enhance the body’s non-specific immunity before specific immune methods are found.