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目的了解真空断路器生产过程中的职业病危害及防护改造后的效果。方法对宝鸡市所有存在真空断路器生产的国有企业进行全面调查,选择3家调查资料完善的企业(甲企业为真空灭弧室高压老练试验,乙、丙企业为真空断路器工频耐压试验)为主要研究对象,采用现场职业卫生调查及检测、健康检查、个人剂量检测和综合分析等方法进行研究。结果防护改造前,真空断路器在分闸状态时,操作位和防护室周围平均射线剂量率水平:甲企业分别为(13.120±4.924)、(56.167±46.029)μGy/h,乙、丙企业分别为(7.130±7.303)(11.788±16.393)μGy/h。改造后检测结果与改造前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组白细胞总数减少人数明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。防护改造前观察组人均年有效剂量为(1.25±0.37)mSv/a,与工业射线组相比,差异有统计学义(P<0.01);防护改造后为(0.57±0.32)mSv/a,与工业射线组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伴生X射线是真空断路器生产过程中最重要和最严重的职业病危害因素,防护改造后的防护效果良好。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards in the production of vacuum circuit breakers and the effect of protection and reconstruction. Methods All state-owned enterprises existing in production of vacuum circuit breakers in Baoji City were surveyed comprehensively. Three enterprises with well-investigated data were chosen (A enterprises were high-voltage experienced tests of vacuum interrupters, B and C enterprises were frequency withstand test of vacuum circuit breakers ) As the main research object, using on-site occupational health survey and testing, health examination, personal dose testing and comprehensive analysis methods. Results Before the retrofit, the average radiation dose rate around the operating position and the protective room of the vacuum circuit breaker in the open circuit state was (13.120 ± 4.924) and (56.167 ± 46.029) μGy / h, respectively (7.130 ± 7.303) (11.788 ± 16.393) μGy / h. After the transformation test results compared with the pre-transformation, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The number of white blood cells in the observation group decreased significantly (P <0.05). The average annual effective dose of protective observation group was (1.25 ± 0.37) mSv / a, which was significantly lower than that of industrial irradiation group (P <0.01). The effective dose of protective group was (0.57 ± 0.32) mSv / a, Compared with industrial radiography, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion Associated X-ray is the most important and most serious occupational hazards in vacuum circuit breakers production. The protective effect after the transformation is good.