【目的】研究油菜育秧盘毯状苗移栽,大田不同氮肥和密度耦合对油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响,探讨植株碳氮代谢与油菜产量形成的关系。【方法】以宁杂1818油菜品种为试验材料,通过毯状苗的培育和移栽试验,比较不同年份、氮肥以及密度条件下碳氮积累、运转以及利用效率差异。【结果】油菜毯状苗适宜条件下移栽也可以获得3 750 kg·hm~(-2)高产。不施氮肥以及225 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理条件下随着密度增加产量显著增加,在300 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理和125 000穴/hm~2移栽密度条件下1穴1株、1穴2株和1穴3株间产量无显著差异。油菜植株中碳素积累能力显著高于氮素积累能力,初花期前植株C/N比较低,为16.30,初花期后C/N比较高,为114.37。碳素籽粒生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率随着氮肥用量增加呈下降趋势,其中氮素籽粒生产效率随施氮量增加下降幅度更大。初花期至成熟期叶片氮素运转率最高,不同处理变化范围为73.90%—78.56%,其次是茎枝氮素运转率,变化范围为38.96%—67.08%,根中氮素运转率最低,变化范围为24.45%—37.06%。不同处理叶片中氮素运转率差异较小,茎枝和根中氮素运转率随着氮肥用量增加逐渐降低。初花期至成熟期叶片碳素运转率为正值,不同处理变幅为23.16%—29.08%,随着密度增加叶片碳素运转率总体上呈增加趋势,不同氮肥处理间差异相对较小。初花期至成熟期根和茎枝仍然以积累碳素为主,两者碳素运转率表现为负值。【结论】油菜毯状苗机械移栽,可有效提高茬口较迟地区的油菜生产能力。油菜在初花期之前氮代谢能力强,初花期以后碳代谢能力强,前期氮素供应有利于植株营养体的建成,从而使得后期积累更多的碳素,促进后期的产量形成。 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of transplanting of blanket seedlings of transplanting seedlings on rapeseed trays, the effects of different nitrogen and density couplings on the accumulation and utilization of carbon and nitrogen in rapeseed, and the relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and rapeseed yield. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out by cultivating and transplanting the blank seedlings of Ningza 1818 rapeseed. The differences of carbon and nitrogen accumulation, operation and utilization efficiency between different years, nitrogen and density were compared. 【Result】 The rapeseed blanket seedlings could also yield high yield of 3 750 kg · hm -2 under appropriate conditions. Under the condition of no nitrogen application and 225 kg · hm -2 nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the yield increased significantly with the increase of density. Under the nitrogen application of 300 kg · hm -2 and the transplanting density of 125 000 hm -2 There was no significant difference in yield between 1 hole 1, 2 holes 1 and 3 holes 1. The carbon accumulation ability of rapeseed plants was significantly higher than that of nitrogen accumulation plants. The C / N ratio of the plants was 16.30 at the first flowering stage, and the C / N ratio was 114.37 after the first flowering stage. Carbon grain production efficiency, nitrogen grain production efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer use, of which the nitrogen grain production efficiency declined more with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Nitrogen turning rate was the highest in early flowering to mature stage, with the range of 73.90% -78.56% in different treatments, followed by that of stems with nitrogen ranging from 38.96% to 67.08%, with the lowest nitrogen running rate in roots The range is 24.45% -37.06%. The nitrogen utilization rates in different treatment leaves were less, and the nitrogen utilization rate in stems and roots decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The carbon turnover rate of the leaves from the first flowering stage to the mature stage was positive, and the range of change was 23.16% -29.08%. With the increase of the density, the carbon turnover rate of the leaves tended to increase, and the differences among the different nitrogen treatments were relatively small. The early flowering to maturity roots and stems still accumulate carbon-based, both the carbon rate showed negative performance. 【Conclusion】 The mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings can effectively improve the rapeseed production capacity in later cropping area. The ability of nitrogen metabolism of rapeseed before flowering was high. After early flowering, the ability of carbon metabolism was strong. Nitrogen supply in the early stage was conducive to the establishment of plant nutrient body, which resulted in the accumulation of more carbon in later stage and the formation of later-stage yield.