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马克思劳动价值论的社会历史维度和经济学维度是内在统一起来的,正因为如此,它尽管是在斯密、李嘉图劳动价值论的基础上发展起来的,但在内涵上它比后者要丰富和深刻得多,在对劳资关系的解读上也要准确得多。对马克思来说,劳资之间的不平等交换恰恰是劳动价值论在资本主义条件下的实现形式,剩余价值理论不但不和劳动价值论相冲突,而且还是在其基础上发展起来的。由此,把马克思的劳动价值论仅仅理解为数量维度的科学理论以及把剩余价值理论仅仅解读为马克思为分配正义而提出的伦理主张等观点都是站不住脚的。
The social historical dimension and the economic dimension of Marx’s labor theory of value are inherently unified. Therefore, although it developed on the basis of Smith’s and Ricardo’s labor theory of value, it is more connotative than the latter Much deeper and much more accurate in the interpretation of the relations between labor and capital. For Marx, the inequality between labor and capital exchange is precisely the realization form of labor theory of value under capitalism. The theory of surplus value not only does not conflict with labor theory of value, but also develops on the basis of it. From this, it is untenable that Marx’s labor theory of value should be understood as a scientific theory of quantitative dimension, and that the theory of surplus value should only be interpreted as Marx’s ethical claim for the distribution of justice.