近代以来,中国文化批判思潮源远流长。这一思潮由制度变革失败而兴起,并把制度变革失败的根本原因归结于中国落后的文化。但笔者认为,把制度问题归罪于文化问题,一方面是精英阶层向大众阶层推卸责任的一种理论诱惑,另一方面则是对真实存在的启蒙问题的泛化和偏离,可以说是一个言过其实的“伪问题”。文化批判的结果,不仅使中国人百年来在文化这个“伪问题”上反复纠结不得要领,更使初起的启蒙偏离其本来方向而走向“文化改造”的路径,在很大程度上影响了近代中国的走向。 Since modern times, the trend of Chinese cultural criticism goes back to ancient times. This trend of thought arises from the failure of institutional change and attributed the root cause of the failure of institutional change to the backward Chinese culture. However, in my opinion, blaming institutional problems on cultural issues is a theoretical temptation for the elites to shirk their responsibility to the mass class on the one hand, and to the generalization and deviation of the real enlightenment on the other, which can be said to be an exaggeration “Pseudo-issue ”. The result of cultural criticism has not only made the Chinese people repeatedly tangled their bad faith in the culture over the past century, but also shifted the enlightenment from its original orientation toward the direction of “cultural reformation” at a very large scale To some extent, the trend of modern China has been affected.