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目的:设计以腘窝中间皮动脉为蒂的岛状皮瓣。方法:通过对10侧新鲜成人下肢标本的显微解剖研究,系统观测腘窝中间皮动脉及其上行支的起始、走行、外径、分支、伴行静脉及供血范围。结果:腘窝中间皮动脉均起自腘动脉;起始点位于股骨内外髁连线中点上方(28.50±4.92)mm;起点外径(1.92±0.12)mm;上行支长度(250.03±9.24)mm;末端外径(0.33±0.09)mm;皮支(21±3)条;供血范围在股后区25cm×10cm。有两条伴行静脉,外径(1.41±0.1)mm。结论:腘窝中间皮动脉上行支起点、走行恒定,外径较粗,有较多皮支和恒定的供血范围,可设计以股后为供区的逆行岛状皮瓣。
Objective: To design island flap pedicled with popliteal middle cutaneous artery. Methods: The anatomic study of 10 fresh adult lower extremity specimens was performed to systematically observe the origin, course, diameter, branches, accessory veins and blood supply of the medial femoral artery and its ascending branch. Results: The popliteal intercondylar arteries all originated from the popliteal artery. The starting point was (28.50 ± 4.92) mm above the midpoint of the medial and lateral femoral condyle, and the diameter of the starting point was 1.92 ± 0.12 mm. The length of the superior branch was (250.03 ± 9.24) mm ; Distal diameter (0.33 ± 0.09) mm; skin branch (21 ± 3); blood supply in the posterior femoral area 25cm × 10cm. There are two accompanying veins, the outer diameter (1.41 ± 0.1) mm. CONCLUSION: The popliteal fossa midcortical artery has the advantages of constant walking, thicker outer diameter, more dermatoglyphics, and constant blood supply range. The retrograde island flap can be designed with the donor posterior for the donor area.