应用Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ儿童行为量表对长沙市１３７１名小学生问卷，获得儿童行为问题检出率为８．５％，男女检出率之比为１．６∶１；经与１７项有关的因素分析表明：头外伤或惊厥史、出生时窒息史、男性、有心理创伤、学习成绩差、具有孤僻的内向个性、情绪稳定性差是儿童行为问题危险人群的特点． Using Rutter Children’s Behavior Scale to survey 1371 primary school students in Changsha City, the detection rate of children’s behavior problems was 8.5%, the detection rate of men and women was 1.6:1. The analysis of 17 factors showed that: Head trauma or convulsion history, history of asphyxia at birth, male, traumatic, poor academic performance, withdrawn introverted personality, poor emotional stability are characteristics of children at risk of behavioral problems.