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目的分析1985—2010年基于身高变化我国儿童健康公平状况及变化情况,为相关政策的制定提供依据。方法利用1985—2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告中的7~12岁儿童身高资料和国家统计数据库的GDP资料,分析儿童身高与人均GDP的相关性,比较城乡及东中西部儿童身高的差异,利用集中指数定量研究儿童健康公平性及变化情况。结果 1985—2010年人均GDP与城乡7~12岁儿童身高之间存在正相关,除12岁年龄组外,相关系数r值均>0.8(P值均<0.05)。1985—2010年间,城乡儿童身高差值男生从4.13 cm减少至3.24 cm,女生从4.57 cm减少至3.07 cm;东部和中部地区的平均身高差值男生从1.62 cm增大至2.27 cm,女生从1.78 cm增大至2.61 cm,东、西部差值男生从3.01 cm增大至4.41 cm,女生从2.92 cm增大至4.57 cm。各省身高的集中指数均为正值,25年间男生集中指数由0.006增长至0.007,女生由0.006增长至0.008。从1985到2005年,除1991年最低外,集中指数的绝对值逐年增大,而2010年略有降低。结论经济水平与儿童身高存在正相关,1985—2010年儿童身高的城乡差异缩小,东中西部差异有所扩大。自1985—2005年儿童健康不公平程度有所增加,2010年略有下降。
Objective To analyze the fair conditions and changes of children’s health in China from 1985 to 2010 and to provide basis for the formulation of relevant policies. Methods Using the height data of 7 ~ 12-year-old children and the national statistics database of GDP from 1985 to 2010, we analyzed the correlation between children’s height and GDP per capita, and compared the differences in height between urban and rural areas and those in eastern, central and western regions , The use of concentration index quantitative study of children’s health fairness and changes. Results There was a positive correlation between per capita GDP of 1985 and 2010 and the height of children aged 7-12 in urban and rural areas. The correlation coefficient r was all higher than 0.8 (all P <0.05) except for the 12-year-old group. From 1985 to 2010, the difference between male and female children in height decreased from 4.13 cm to 3.24 cm and from 4.57 cm to 3.07 cm. The mean height difference between eastern and central regions increased from 1.62 cm to 2.27 cm for boys and from 1.78 to 1.78 cm for girls cm to 2.61 cm, the difference between the east and west boys increased from 3.01 cm to 4.41 cm, and the number of girls increased from 2.92 cm to 4.57 cm. The height concentration indices of the provinces are all positive. In 25 years, the male concentration index increased from 0.006 to 0.007 while that of girls increased from 0.006 to 0.008. From 1985 to 2005, the absolute value of the concentration index increased year by year except for the lowest in 1991, but slightly decreased in 2010. Conclusions The economic level is positively correlated with the height of children. The differences between urban and rural areas of children’s height between 1985 and 2010 have narrowed while the differences between east and west areas have been widened. The level of health inequity among children increased from 1985 to 2005, with a slight decline in 2010.