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环境政策工具对企业环境技术创新的激励程度,是评估环境政策工具的重要标准。但是以往文献主要针对不完全竞争市场条件下大企业的技术创新激励效果进行研究,忽略了中小企业,而中小企业占我国企业总数的绝大部分,因此对中小企业进行相关研究非常必要;同时以往文献也没有对企业的清洁工艺和末端治理技术做出明确区分,而这两种技术创新对企业的作用机制是不同的。有鉴于此,本文从完全竞争市场条件下的中小企业出发,将环境技术创新严格区分为清洁工艺和末端治理技术,并通过构建企业利润变化模型和社会福利函数,得出了排放标准、排污费、补贴和排污许可证价格的临界值,以及社会福利最大化条件下的最优水平;同时,本文还为企业在四种环境政策工具下灵活选择技术创新方式进行了区分与比较;最后本文对四种环境政策工具的企业环境技术创新的激励效应做出了排序。本文的研究结果能够为政府选择环境政策工具提供政策建议,同时能够为中小企业在不同的环境政策工具下灵活选择环境技术创新方式提供参考意见。
The extent to which environmental policy tools inspire technological innovation in the enterprise environment is an important criterion for assessing environmental policy tools. However, in the past, literature mainly focused on the incentive effects of technological innovation in large enterprises under imperfect competitive market conditions, neglected SMEs, and SMEs accounted for the vast majority of the total number of enterprises in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct relevant researches on SMEs. In the meantime, The literature also does not make a clear distinction between the enterprise’s clean technology and end-of-pipe technology, and the two technology innovations have different mechanisms of action for the enterprise. In view of this, starting from small and medium-sized enterprises under perfectly competitive market conditions, this paper strictly divides environmental technology innovation into clean technology and end-of-pipe technology. Through the establishment of enterprise profit model and social welfare function, we draw the conclusion that emission standards, , The critical value of subsidy and sewage permit price, and the optimal level under the condition of maximizing social welfare. At the same time, this article also makes a distinction and comparison between enterprises in choosing technology innovation modes flexibly under the four environmental policy tools. Finally, The incentive effects of technological innovation in the corporate environment of the four environmental policy tools are sequenced. The results of this study can provide policy suggestions for the government to choose environmental policy tools and at the same time can provide reference for SMEs to flexibly choose environmental technology innovation methods under different environmental policy tools.