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作为材料力学性能测试的基本实验——铸铁的压缩破坏,其破坏面与轴线或破坏面法线与轴线所成角度,不同的教科书中有不同的论述。该文对现行教科书中各类提法进行综述,根据不同条件下的实验测试、莫尔强度理论解释以及假设模型的计算,指出该角度是随摩擦系数f变化而变化的,在莫尔强度理论的解释中,是随σc/σt的比值而变化的。在f=0.35和σc/σt=2的条件下,破坏面与轴线约成35°或破坏面法线与轴线约成55°,而大多数教科书中铸铁试件压缩时破坏面与轴线约成45°的论述是有条件的。
As the basic experiment of material mechanical properties testing - the compressive failure of cast iron, the angle between the normal and the axis of destruction of the damaged surface and the axis or failure surface, different textbooks have different discourse. Based on the experimental tests under different conditions, the interpretation of the Mohr’s strength theory and the calculation of the hypothetical model, the paper points out that the angle changes with the change of the friction coefficient f, and according to the Mohr’s Theory of Intensity Is explained by the ratio of σc / σt. Under the conditions of f = 0.35 and σc / σt = 2, the failure plane is about 35 ° to the axis or the normal to the failure plane is about 55 ° to the axis. However, in most textbooks, The 45 ° argument is conditional.