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目的通过分析2015年合肥市诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征,为制定预防诺如病毒感染的策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2015年合肥市报告的诺如病毒疫情和个案资料。结果 2015年合肥市共发生诺如病毒聚集性疫情13起,波及845人,发病150例,总罹患率为17.75%。61.54%的疫情发生在3和10月份。发生的地点主要是幼儿园和学校等集体单位,占总疫情数的76.92%。119例(79.33%)患者出现呕吐症状,是诺如病毒患者的主要症状,腹泻和发热分别为37例(24.67%)和23例(15.33%),呕吐和发热症状随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势(χ2=7.50,P<0.05;χ2=4.92,P<0.05),而腹泻症状则随着年龄的增长呈增加趋势(χ2=9.98,P<0.05)。经食物传播是主要的感染途径。结论诺如病毒是合肥市腹泻病疫情重要病原体之一,应根据诺如病毒聚集性疫情特征加强学校等集体单位的监测和防控工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus epidemic in Hefei in 2015 to provide evidence for the prevention of Norovirus infection. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze norovirus epidemics and case reports reported in Hefei in 2015. Results In 2015, a total of 13 Norovirus aggression epidemics occurred in Hefei City, affecting 845 people and the incidence of 150 cases. The total attack rate was 17.75%. 61.54% of the outbreaks occurred in March and October. Occurred mainly in kindergartens and schools and other collective units, accounting for 76.92% of the total number of outbreaks. 119 patients (79.33%) had vomiting, which was the main symptom of norovirus in 37 patients (24.67%) and 23 patients (15.33%), respectively. The symptoms of vomiting and fever decreased with age (Χ2 = 7.50, P <0.05; χ2 = 4.92, P <0.05), while the symptoms of diarrhea increased with the increase of age (χ2 = 9.98, P <0.05). Food transmission is the main route of infection. Conclusions Norovirus is one of the important pathogens in the outbreak of diarrheal disease in Hefei. The monitoring and prevention and control of collective units such as schools should be strengthened according to the characteristics of Norovirus epidemic.