论文部分内容阅读
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1. Raising retirement age in progressive steps is in line with Chinas labor market realities and should be prioritized， an official said Tuesday.
A. the； /B. /； the
C. /； /D. the； the
2. While addressing a conference Thursday， President Xi Jinping said that ChinaUS ties are not a winlost game but in which both can be winners.
A. the oneB. that
C. oneD. it
3. Change3s soft landing proves that， with and determination， all obstacles can be overcome.
A. requirementB. commitment
C. extensionD. distinction
4. Guanzhou Evergrande made history by winning the AFC Champions League title for China， which is the first time a Chinese club the competition.
A. wonB. wins
C. has wonD. had won
5. Nelson Mandela， an international symbol of strength and peace， died on December 5， 2013， and his death sparked both worldwide mourning and a of his lifes achievements.
A. celebrationB. conservation
C. reservationD. preservation
6. On August 20， 2013， violent crimes in Ka Shi， Xinjiang broke out， 12 people on the spot and with several .
A. killed； injuredB. killing； injured
C. killed； injuringD. killing； injuring
7. To build a harmonious society， which is we desire， we advocate tighter communities families not only live close， but also they care for and help each other more conveniently.
A. that； whichB. that； whether
C. what； thatD. what； where
8. Believe it or not， only the white collars themselves know others see as a good life is actually a boring life.
A. whatB. which
C. thatD. when
9. The qualifications you have got in Britain are in China， but you have to consult the related website.
A. appreciatedB. recognized
C. admittedD. inspected
10. Each member country of WTO must its laws and regulations and competes on the principle of fairness and cooperation.
A. submit toB. cater to
C. correspond toD. relate to
11. Li Nas success has aroused new interest in tennis in China， which has also a debate among fans， tennis players and experts.
A. brought upB. brought about
C. brought inD. brought out
12. Never for one moment， believe it or not， being faced with such a situation where a helping hand was greatly needed.
A. I imaginedB. do I imagine
C. I have imaginedD. had I imagined 13. Annie often tells her classmates at the remote school in the mountain area and what she has done there as a volunteer.
A. life is how hardB. what hard life is
C. how hard life isD. how hard is life
14. Traditionally， college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they on their life journey.
A. give upB. settle down
C. get throughD. set off
15. —I think it was his excitement for his success in the first half that led to his eventual failure in the game.
—You bet. Old sayings never fail， “.”
A. Failure is the mother of success
B. Pride goes before a fall
C. A hero is nothing but a product of his time
D. A fall into the pit， a gain in the wit
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
I was invited to attend a presentation at the Kentucky School. That evening I found gratitude had amazing 16 to change our attitude... and our life.
The young musician Mr. Patrick was 17 onto the stage in his wheelchair and began to play the piano. His fingers danced across the keys as he 18 beautiful music. He then began to sing as he played， and it was wonderful. But what shocked me most was his 19 smile.
Patrick was born with no eyes and an illness in the legs， which 20 him lame for life. However， as a child， he was 21 with artificial eyes and placed in a wheelchair. Before his first 22， he discovered the piano. When his mom hit any note on the piano， and within one or two 23， hed get it. By his second birthday， he was playing “Twinkle， Twinkle， Little Star”. His father was 24. “We might not play baseball， but we can play music together.”
When Patrick was at the University of Louisville， his father 25 classes with him. He was also a part of the 214member marching band！ He was a blind， wheelchairbound trumpet player； and he and his father did it together. His father 26 the night shift （夜班） in order to accompany his daytime band practice. Patrick says， “My dads my 27.”
But even more than his 28 musical talent， it was Patricks “attitude of gratitude” that 29 my soul. On stage， between songs， he talked to the audience about his life and about how 30 he was with a great father. When his performance was over， Patrick and his father were on the stage together. The crowd rose to their feet and 31 for over five minutes.
We all face misfortune in our lives. 32， its not the hardship but how we 33 to it that will determine the joy and happiness in our lives. During 34 times， do we spend too much time feeling 35 for ourselves， or can we， with gratitude， learn how to dance in the rain？ 16. A. knowledgeB. quality
C. wisdomD. power
17. A. rolledB. held
C. allowedD. dragged
18. A. wroteB. provided
C. madeD. gave
19. A. strangeB. magic
C. bitterD. friendly
20. A. tookB. led
C. forcedD. left
21. A. fittedB. connected
C. associatedD. filled
22. A. placeB. birthday
C. performanceD. attempt
23. A. memoriesB. words
C. triesD. notes
24. A. confusedB. amused
C. interestedD. overjoyed
25. A. listedB. found
C. attendedD. organized
26. A. workedB. found
C. refusedD. cancelled
27. A. dreamB. hero
C. musicD. song
28. A. unbearableB. unbelievable
C. unconditionalD. unreasonable
29. A. touchedB. calmed
C. freedD. felt
30. A. satisfiedB. concerned
C. blessedD. laughed
31. A. cheeredB. whispered
C. shoutedD. laughed
32. A. ThereforeB. Otherwise
C. HoweverD. Besides
33. A. seeB. react
C. agreeD. put
34. A. happyB. modern
C. toughD. usual
35. A. greatB. sorry
C. hopefulD. proud
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
When there are some strangers in front of us， which of them will we trust？
According to a new study in the online PLOS One， people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you， especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look， the more likely people will buy what youre selling.
Researchers from Britains University of Warwick Business School， University College London， and Dartmouth College， US， did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces， from the least to the most trustworthylooking.
The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isnt as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy， even when the face is at rest. However， a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces， and asked the participants again whom they trusted.
The results showed that even if they got different information， the participants didnt change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthylooking faces. Chris Olivola， one of the studys authors， said in the University of Warwicks press release， “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts （本能） about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation （诱惑） to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”
36. Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage？
A. What kind of face do you trust？
B. Who did the experiments？
C. Why do you trust him or her？
D. Why did they do the experiments？
37. According to the study， which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted？
A. A sad face.B. A smiling face.
C. A crying face.D. An angry face.
38. Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE？
A. The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B. Researchers took photos of the 40 peoples faces in college.
C. Most participants gave their money to the trustworthylooking faces.
D. Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
39. What did the researchers learn from their experiment？
A. People cant refuse temptations.
B. People always do things with their instincts.
C. People often judge strangers by their faces.
D. People dont trust strangers with sad faces.
B
In New York there are quite a few free museums for visitors. Below we explore New Yorks most impressive free ones.
National Museum of the American Indian
Focusing largely on Native American culture， this museum boasts （自夸） over a million items， from crafts to traditional tools， all of which played a large part in Native American culture in past times. Located at 1 Bowling Green， the museum is free of charge. Open 10 a.m.～5 p.m. FridWed and 10 a.m.～8 p.m. Thurs， its served by subway lines 4/5 to Bowling Green.
Federal Hall
A popular one for followers of American politics， Federal Hall is the original location of the US Customs House and the place where Washington took the oath （宣誓） of office in 1789 as the first US President. Today， this building is a premier example of classical architecture. Free of charge to visitors， the museum is located at 26 Wall St， which is accessible by subway lines 2/3/4/5 to Wall St. Its open from 9 a.m.～ 5 p.m. MonFri.
New York Academy of Medicine
For the more intellectual， a trip to the New York Academy of Medicine is unmissable. With over 700，000 catalogued works， its the worlds second largest health library. Its biggest attraction， however， is the interesting medical equipment on display here， which is weird （古怪的） but wonderfully original. Located at 1216 Fifth Ave at 103rd St， its free of charge to peruse. Open 9 a.m. ～ 5 p.m. MonFri， its served by subway line 6 to 103rd St. Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology
The museum contains a huge permanent collection which features 200 historically significant clothes and also features works by student exhibitions. With free talks and tours on offer， this museum is a great place without spending a cent. Located at Seventh Ave at 27 the St by subway line 3， this free museum—undoubtedly the most fashionable one in New York—is open TuesFri 12 a.m. ～8 p.m. and Sat 10 a.m.～ 5 p.m.
40. If you are interested in Native American culture， where would you probably go？
A. To Seventh Ave at 27th St.
B. To 1 Bowling Green.
C. To 1216 Fifth Ave.
D. To 103rd Wall St.
41. If you take the subway line 4 to 26 Wall St， you can enjoy .
A. reading medical books
B. the ancient tools
C. the art of costume
D. the art of architecture
42. Which of the following about the four museums mentioned in the text is NOT true？
A. They are all located in New York.
B. They are all symbols of power.
C. They are all free of charge.
D. They are all accessible by subway.
C
How has smoking been controlled in recent years？
People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places—such as doctors surgeries， cinemas， theatres and churches—over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the Kings Cross Underground fire on November 18， 1987， caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths， that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance.
How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place？
In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence （流行） and passive smoking， including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004， the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first， with a ban in 2006， followed by the other nations a year later.
What is the current law？
Any person who smokes in enclosed public places， including pubs， offices， on public transport and work vehicles， is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises （经营场所） to permit others to smoke in them.
How was it received？
It was welcomed by most organizations—except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smokefree policies consistent with the legislation （法律， 法规） before it was carried out， while others have gone beyond its basic requirements. All railway facilities， including platforms， footbridges and other areas—whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space—are covered， as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smokefree under the legislation， but the majority now are.
How has it been forced？
Compliance （服从） in public premises has been high， with inspections suggesting that 99 percent of places were sticking to the rules. The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low， which was due to the problems defining and identifying “work” vehicles. They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion.
Has it improved health？
Studies in early adopters of the law， including in Scotland， suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease， which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke.
43. Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law？
A. Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone.
B. A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car.
C. Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home.
D. Max smokes for relaxation during timeout in the stadium.
44. Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article？
A. A restaurant owner.
B. A company manager.
C. A car owner.
D. A policy maker.
45. What can you infer from the article？
A. Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking.
B. A new law will soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles.
C. The 1987 fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health.
D. Most of the school grounds are not smokefree， as it is not banned in the law.
D
It doesnt kill germs better than cooler water， but turning tap temperatures high， the US burns carbon equal to the emissions of Barbados.
People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States， but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs， a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country.
Its cold and flu season， when many people are concerned about avoiding germs. But forget what you think you know about hand washing， say researchers at Vanderbilt University. Chances are good that how you clean up is not helping you stay healthy； it is helping to make the planet sick. Amanda R. Carrico， a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee， told National Geographic that hand washing is often “a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest， but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”
Carrico said， “Its certainly true that heat kills bacteria， but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.”
She explained that boiling water， 212 （9998℃）， is sometimes used to kill germs—for example， to clean drinking water that might be polluted with germs. But “hot” water for hand washing is generally within 104 to 131 （40℃ to 55℃）. At the high end of that range， heat could kill some germs， but the sustained contact that would be required would scald the skin.
Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature， her team found “no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria.” Even water as cold as 40 （44℃） appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water， if hands were scrubbed， rinsed （冲洗） and dried properly.
In fact， she noted that hot water can often have an unfavorable effect on hygiene. “Warmer water can harm the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside， which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria，” said Carrico.
Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary， as well as wasteful， Carrico said， particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research， people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number， Carricos team calculated a significant impact on the planet.
“Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear minor， when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year， this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually，” she said.
Thats roughly equal to the emissions of two coalfired power plants， or 1，250，000 passenger vehicles， over the course of a year. Its higher than the greenhouse gas emissions of small countries like El Salvador or Armenia， and is about equivalent to the emissions of Barbados. If all US citizens washed their hands in cooler water， it would be like eliminating the energyrelated carbon emissions of 299，700 US homes， or the total annual emissions from the US zinc or lead industries. The researchers found that close to 70 percent of respondents said they believe that using hot water is more effective than warm， room temperature， or cold water， despite a lack of evidence backing that up， said Carrico. Her study noted research that showed a “strong cognitive （认知的） connection” between water temperature and hygiene in both the United States and Western Europe， compared to other countries， like Japan， where hot water is associated more with comfort than with health.
The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature， which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.
46. What does the writer mainly focus on when writing this passage？
A. Whether hot water helps kill germs effectively in hand washing.
B. How hot water contributes to the serious worsening of our planet.
C. Why the consumption of hot water is unnecessary and wasteful.
D. What the advantages and disadvantages of using hot water are.
47. The underlined word scald in paragraph six probably means .
A. burnB. improve
C. softenD. wrinkle
48. According to the passage， all the following share roughly the same CO2 emissions yearly EXCEPT .
A. two coalfired power plants
B. US zinc or lead industries
C. 1，250，000 passenger vehicles
D. El Salvador or Armenia
49. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage？
A. Boiling water at 212 （99.98℃） works effectively in killing germs.
B. Warmer water can damage the protective layer of the outside skin.
C. There is much difference between cold water and hot water in reducing bacteria.
D. Americans have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions in hand washing.
50. If you want to read stories of this kind afterwards， which of the following magazines will you probably subscribe to？
A. Universal Science Fiction.
B. Science & Discoveries.
C. Environment & Protection.
D. Exploration of America.
四、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。
Many people say there is a lot more conflict with parents when youre a teenager. This may be because you are changing in so many ways. Parents can sometimes have difficulty coping with all of the changes and can feel uncertain about how to respond. As you get older you change and grow in many ways. One of the ways is in how you think. Its a time when you start to think how to understand the world for yourself. Sometimes your values and beliefs can become different from your parents， leading to conflict.
When you were young it was pretty easy for your parents to end a conflict with you. But now youre bigger and louder. It can seem like there are more arguments because they can be more complex and harder to resolve.
As a young child， your parents were the leaders of the family. As you mature， it becomes a more equal relationship. This change doesnt happen overnight. The process of moving from one type of relationship to another can be a real struggle.
While youre going from being a child to a teenager， your parents are moving through their life cycle as well. Theyre going from young adults， to middle aged people. And were all having our own “age related” problems along the way. Parents can also change their way of handling things.
Its OK for you to make the first move in dealing with the conflict. When you can work out your differences positively， youll continue to have a good relationship. Here are a few tips：
Be respectful when discussing any areas of disagreement.
Be willing to listen to your parents view.
Stay calm.
Dont blame each other.
Work together， think about what you want in common and work it out together.
Use a problem solving model like this one： decide together exactly what the problem is and then think of the possible solutions. Remember to be open and creative so that you can find more solutions. Think out the consequences of each possible solution and choose one to try it out. If it doesnt work， try another idea.
The good news is that all the studies indicate that generally things settle down when people are about 18. What they cant agree on is why this gets better. Some say its because your parents have finally begun to see you as the young adult you are. Some say its because youve got through all the tough growth in your thinking and emotions and your physical changes. Others say its just because many young people move out of home around eighteen and get away from their parents！
As you move through adolescence and into young adulthood， your relationships with your parents seem to get better. Youll realize parents can be your best support. They will support young people through the good times and the bad times.Title： Conflict between teenagers and parents（51） for having much conflict during this periodMany changes are happening：
1. Raising retirement age in progressive steps is in line with Chinas labor market realities and should be prioritized， an official said Tuesday.
A. the； /B. /； the
C. /； /D. the； the
2. While addressing a conference Thursday， President Xi Jinping said that ChinaUS ties are not a winlost game but in which both can be winners.
A. the oneB. that
C. oneD. it
3. Change3s soft landing proves that， with and determination， all obstacles can be overcome.
A. requirementB. commitment
C. extensionD. distinction
4. Guanzhou Evergrande made history by winning the AFC Champions League title for China， which is the first time a Chinese club the competition.
A. wonB. wins
C. has wonD. had won
5. Nelson Mandela， an international symbol of strength and peace， died on December 5， 2013， and his death sparked both worldwide mourning and a of his lifes achievements.
A. celebrationB. conservation
C. reservationD. preservation
6. On August 20， 2013， violent crimes in Ka Shi， Xinjiang broke out， 12 people on the spot and with several .
A. killed； injuredB. killing； injured
C. killed； injuringD. killing； injuring
7. To build a harmonious society， which is we desire， we advocate tighter communities families not only live close， but also they care for and help each other more conveniently.
A. that； whichB. that； whether
C. what； thatD. what； where
8. Believe it or not， only the white collars themselves know others see as a good life is actually a boring life.
A. whatB. which
C. thatD. when
9. The qualifications you have got in Britain are in China， but you have to consult the related website.
A. appreciatedB. recognized
C. admittedD. inspected
10. Each member country of WTO must its laws and regulations and competes on the principle of fairness and cooperation.
A. submit toB. cater to
C. correspond toD. relate to
11. Li Nas success has aroused new interest in tennis in China， which has also a debate among fans， tennis players and experts.
A. brought upB. brought about
C. brought inD. brought out
12. Never for one moment， believe it or not， being faced with such a situation where a helping hand was greatly needed.
A. I imaginedB. do I imagine
C. I have imaginedD. had I imagined 13. Annie often tells her classmates at the remote school in the mountain area and what she has done there as a volunteer.
A. life is how hardB. what hard life is
C. how hard life isD. how hard is life
14. Traditionally， college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they on their life journey.
A. give upB. settle down
C. get throughD. set off
15. —I think it was his excitement for his success in the first half that led to his eventual failure in the game.
—You bet. Old sayings never fail， “.”
A. Failure is the mother of success
B. Pride goes before a fall
C. A hero is nothing but a product of his time
D. A fall into the pit， a gain in the wit
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
I was invited to attend a presentation at the Kentucky School. That evening I found gratitude had amazing 16 to change our attitude... and our life.
The young musician Mr. Patrick was 17 onto the stage in his wheelchair and began to play the piano. His fingers danced across the keys as he 18 beautiful music. He then began to sing as he played， and it was wonderful. But what shocked me most was his 19 smile.
Patrick was born with no eyes and an illness in the legs， which 20 him lame for life. However， as a child， he was 21 with artificial eyes and placed in a wheelchair. Before his first 22， he discovered the piano. When his mom hit any note on the piano， and within one or two 23， hed get it. By his second birthday， he was playing “Twinkle， Twinkle， Little Star”. His father was 24. “We might not play baseball， but we can play music together.”
When Patrick was at the University of Louisville， his father 25 classes with him. He was also a part of the 214member marching band！ He was a blind， wheelchairbound trumpet player； and he and his father did it together. His father 26 the night shift （夜班） in order to accompany his daytime band practice. Patrick says， “My dads my 27.”
But even more than his 28 musical talent， it was Patricks “attitude of gratitude” that 29 my soul. On stage， between songs， he talked to the audience about his life and about how 30 he was with a great father. When his performance was over， Patrick and his father were on the stage together. The crowd rose to their feet and 31 for over five minutes.
We all face misfortune in our lives. 32， its not the hardship but how we 33 to it that will determine the joy and happiness in our lives. During 34 times， do we spend too much time feeling 35 for ourselves， or can we， with gratitude， learn how to dance in the rain？ 16. A. knowledgeB. quality
C. wisdomD. power
17. A. rolledB. held
C. allowedD. dragged
18. A. wroteB. provided
C. madeD. gave
19. A. strangeB. magic
C. bitterD. friendly
20. A. tookB. led
C. forcedD. left
21. A. fittedB. connected
C. associatedD. filled
22. A. placeB. birthday
C. performanceD. attempt
23. A. memoriesB. words
C. triesD. notes
24. A. confusedB. amused
C. interestedD. overjoyed
25. A. listedB. found
C. attendedD. organized
26. A. workedB. found
C. refusedD. cancelled
27. A. dreamB. hero
C. musicD. song
28. A. unbearableB. unbelievable
C. unconditionalD. unreasonable
29. A. touchedB. calmed
C. freedD. felt
30. A. satisfiedB. concerned
C. blessedD. laughed
31. A. cheeredB. whispered
C. shoutedD. laughed
32. A. ThereforeB. Otherwise
C. HoweverD. Besides
33. A. seeB. react
C. agreeD. put
34. A. happyB. modern
C. toughD. usual
35. A. greatB. sorry
C. hopefulD. proud
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
When there are some strangers in front of us， which of them will we trust？
According to a new study in the online PLOS One， people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you， especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look， the more likely people will buy what youre selling.
Researchers from Britains University of Warwick Business School， University College London， and Dartmouth College， US， did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces， from the least to the most trustworthylooking.
The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isnt as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy， even when the face is at rest. However， a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces， and asked the participants again whom they trusted.
The results showed that even if they got different information， the participants didnt change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthylooking faces. Chris Olivola， one of the studys authors， said in the University of Warwicks press release， “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts （本能） about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation （诱惑） to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”
36. Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage？
A. What kind of face do you trust？
B. Who did the experiments？
C. Why do you trust him or her？
D. Why did they do the experiments？
37. According to the study， which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted？
A. A sad face.B. A smiling face.
C. A crying face.D. An angry face.
38. Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE？
A. The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B. Researchers took photos of the 40 peoples faces in college.
C. Most participants gave their money to the trustworthylooking faces.
D. Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
39. What did the researchers learn from their experiment？
A. People cant refuse temptations.
B. People always do things with their instincts.
C. People often judge strangers by their faces.
D. People dont trust strangers with sad faces.
B
In New York there are quite a few free museums for visitors. Below we explore New Yorks most impressive free ones.
National Museum of the American Indian
Focusing largely on Native American culture， this museum boasts （自夸） over a million items， from crafts to traditional tools， all of which played a large part in Native American culture in past times. Located at 1 Bowling Green， the museum is free of charge. Open 10 a.m.～5 p.m. FridWed and 10 a.m.～8 p.m. Thurs， its served by subway lines 4/5 to Bowling Green.
Federal Hall
A popular one for followers of American politics， Federal Hall is the original location of the US Customs House and the place where Washington took the oath （宣誓） of office in 1789 as the first US President. Today， this building is a premier example of classical architecture. Free of charge to visitors， the museum is located at 26 Wall St， which is accessible by subway lines 2/3/4/5 to Wall St. Its open from 9 a.m.～ 5 p.m. MonFri.
New York Academy of Medicine
For the more intellectual， a trip to the New York Academy of Medicine is unmissable. With over 700，000 catalogued works， its the worlds second largest health library. Its biggest attraction， however， is the interesting medical equipment on display here， which is weird （古怪的） but wonderfully original. Located at 1216 Fifth Ave at 103rd St， its free of charge to peruse. Open 9 a.m. ～ 5 p.m. MonFri， its served by subway line 6 to 103rd St. Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology
The museum contains a huge permanent collection which features 200 historically significant clothes and also features works by student exhibitions. With free talks and tours on offer， this museum is a great place without spending a cent. Located at Seventh Ave at 27 the St by subway line 3， this free museum—undoubtedly the most fashionable one in New York—is open TuesFri 12 a.m. ～8 p.m. and Sat 10 a.m.～ 5 p.m.
40. If you are interested in Native American culture， where would you probably go？
A. To Seventh Ave at 27th St.
B. To 1 Bowling Green.
C. To 1216 Fifth Ave.
D. To 103rd Wall St.
41. If you take the subway line 4 to 26 Wall St， you can enjoy .
A. reading medical books
B. the ancient tools
C. the art of costume
D. the art of architecture
42. Which of the following about the four museums mentioned in the text is NOT true？
A. They are all located in New York.
B. They are all symbols of power.
C. They are all free of charge.
D. They are all accessible by subway.
C
How has smoking been controlled in recent years？
People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places—such as doctors surgeries， cinemas， theatres and churches—over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the Kings Cross Underground fire on November 18， 1987， caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths， that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance.
How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place？
In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence （流行） and passive smoking， including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004， the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first， with a ban in 2006， followed by the other nations a year later.
What is the current law？
Any person who smokes in enclosed public places， including pubs， offices， on public transport and work vehicles， is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises （经营场所） to permit others to smoke in them.
How was it received？
It was welcomed by most organizations—except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smokefree policies consistent with the legislation （法律， 法规） before it was carried out， while others have gone beyond its basic requirements. All railway facilities， including platforms， footbridges and other areas—whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space—are covered， as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smokefree under the legislation， but the majority now are.
How has it been forced？
Compliance （服从） in public premises has been high， with inspections suggesting that 99 percent of places were sticking to the rules. The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low， which was due to the problems defining and identifying “work” vehicles. They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion.
Has it improved health？
Studies in early adopters of the law， including in Scotland， suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease， which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke.
43. Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law？
A. Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone.
B. A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car.
C. Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home.
D. Max smokes for relaxation during timeout in the stadium.
44. Who might feel unhappy about the law according to the article？
A. A restaurant owner.
B. A company manager.
C. A car owner.
D. A policy maker.
45. What can you infer from the article？
A. Most heart diseases have been proved to be linked to passive smoking.
B. A new law will soon come out with a total ban on smoking in vehicles.
C. The 1987 fire has convinced more people that smoking is bad for health.
D. Most of the school grounds are not smokefree， as it is not banned in the law.
D
It doesnt kill germs better than cooler water， but turning tap temperatures high， the US burns carbon equal to the emissions of Barbados.
People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States， but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs， a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country.
Its cold and flu season， when many people are concerned about avoiding germs. But forget what you think you know about hand washing， say researchers at Vanderbilt University. Chances are good that how you clean up is not helping you stay healthy； it is helping to make the planet sick. Amanda R. Carrico， a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee， told National Geographic that hand washing is often “a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest， but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”
Carrico said， “Its certainly true that heat kills bacteria， but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.”
She explained that boiling water， 212 （9998℃）， is sometimes used to kill germs—for example， to clean drinking water that might be polluted with germs. But “hot” water for hand washing is generally within 104 to 131 （40℃ to 55℃）. At the high end of that range， heat could kill some germs， but the sustained contact that would be required would scald the skin.
Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature， her team found “no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria.” Even water as cold as 40 （44℃） appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water， if hands were scrubbed， rinsed （冲洗） and dried properly.
In fact， she noted that hot water can often have an unfavorable effect on hygiene. “Warmer water can harm the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside， which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria，” said Carrico.
Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary， as well as wasteful， Carrico said， particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research， people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number， Carricos team calculated a significant impact on the planet.
“Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear minor， when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year， this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually，” she said.
Thats roughly equal to the emissions of two coalfired power plants， or 1，250，000 passenger vehicles， over the course of a year. Its higher than the greenhouse gas emissions of small countries like El Salvador or Armenia， and is about equivalent to the emissions of Barbados. If all US citizens washed their hands in cooler water， it would be like eliminating the energyrelated carbon emissions of 299，700 US homes， or the total annual emissions from the US zinc or lead industries. The researchers found that close to 70 percent of respondents said they believe that using hot water is more effective than warm， room temperature， or cold water， despite a lack of evidence backing that up， said Carrico. Her study noted research that showed a “strong cognitive （认知的） connection” between water temperature and hygiene in both the United States and Western Europe， compared to other countries， like Japan， where hot water is associated more with comfort than with health.
The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature， which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.
46. What does the writer mainly focus on when writing this passage？
A. Whether hot water helps kill germs effectively in hand washing.
B. How hot water contributes to the serious worsening of our planet.
C. Why the consumption of hot water is unnecessary and wasteful.
D. What the advantages and disadvantages of using hot water are.
47. The underlined word scald in paragraph six probably means .
A. burnB. improve
C. softenD. wrinkle
48. According to the passage， all the following share roughly the same CO2 emissions yearly EXCEPT .
A. two coalfired power plants
B. US zinc or lead industries
C. 1，250，000 passenger vehicles
D. El Salvador or Armenia
49. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage？
A. Boiling water at 212 （99.98℃） works effectively in killing germs.
B. Warmer water can damage the protective layer of the outside skin.
C. There is much difference between cold water and hot water in reducing bacteria.
D. Americans have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions in hand washing.
50. If you want to read stories of this kind afterwards， which of the following magazines will you probably subscribe to？
A. Universal Science Fiction.
B. Science & Discoveries.
C. Environment & Protection.
D. Exploration of America.
四、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。
Many people say there is a lot more conflict with parents when youre a teenager. This may be because you are changing in so many ways. Parents can sometimes have difficulty coping with all of the changes and can feel uncertain about how to respond. As you get older you change and grow in many ways. One of the ways is in how you think. Its a time when you start to think how to understand the world for yourself. Sometimes your values and beliefs can become different from your parents， leading to conflict.
When you were young it was pretty easy for your parents to end a conflict with you. But now youre bigger and louder. It can seem like there are more arguments because they can be more complex and harder to resolve.
As a young child， your parents were the leaders of the family. As you mature， it becomes a more equal relationship. This change doesnt happen overnight. The process of moving from one type of relationship to another can be a real struggle.
While youre going from being a child to a teenager， your parents are moving through their life cycle as well. Theyre going from young adults， to middle aged people. And were all having our own “age related” problems along the way. Parents can also change their way of handling things.
Its OK for you to make the first move in dealing with the conflict. When you can work out your differences positively， youll continue to have a good relationship. Here are a few tips：
Be respectful when discussing any areas of disagreement.
Be willing to listen to your parents view.
Stay calm.
Dont blame each other.
Work together， think about what you want in common and work it out together.
Use a problem solving model like this one： decide together exactly what the problem is and then think of the possible solutions. Remember to be open and creative so that you can find more solutions. Think out the consequences of each possible solution and choose one to try it out. If it doesnt work， try another idea.
The good news is that all the studies indicate that generally things settle down when people are about 18. What they cant agree on is why this gets better. Some say its because your parents have finally begun to see you as the young adult you are. Some say its because youve got through all the tough growth in your thinking and emotions and your physical changes. Others say its just because many young people move out of home around eighteen and get away from their parents！
As you move through adolescence and into young adulthood， your relationships with your parents seem to get better. Youll realize parents can be your best support. They will support young people through the good times and the bad times.Title： Conflict between teenagers and parents（51） for having much conflict during this periodMany changes are happening：