同行评议作为学术评价制度,在国外学术出版中广泛实行,已成为国际学术出版惯例,其作用在于保证学术出版品质。但在国内学术出版实践中,实行同行评议制度的只是偶发的个例。文章认为在国内出版机构逐步推广同行评议制度,是提升学术出版品质的必由之路,也是落实社会效益优先原则的重要抓手。 As a system of academic evaluation, peer review is widely practiced in foreign academic publishing and has become an international scholarly publishing practice. Its purpose is to ensure the quality of academic publishing. However, in the domestic academic publishing practice, the implementation of peer review system is only a few examples. The article believes that the gradual promotion of peer review system in domestic publishing agencies is the only way to improve the quality of academic publishing and also an important starting point for the implementation of the priority principle of social benefits.