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中国水稻主要种植在亚热带地区,高温干旱、淹涝、低温、低磷是它遇到的主要非生物逆境。水稻耐逆境分子育种主要采用分子标记辅助选择和转基因技术,改良的主要对象是杂交水稻亲本。不育系侧重于耐涝、耐旱、耐寒性状的分子设计,同时兼顾抗病性状的改良。恢复系主要开展耐低磷和抗除草剂性状的分子设计,同时兼顾抗虫性状的改良。通过不育系与恢复系的合理配组,获得耐多种逆境的杂交稻组合,利用耐逆境杂种优势。
Chinese rice is mainly planted in the subtropical region, with high temperature and drought, submergence, low temperature and low phosphorus as the major abiotic stresses it encounters. Molecular resistance-assisted molecular breeding of rice mainly uses molecular marker-assisted selection and transgenic technology. The main target of improvement is rice hybrid parents. CMS focuses on the molecular design of waterlogging resistance, drought tolerance and cold tolerance, taking into account the improvement of disease resistance. The restorer system is mainly designed with the molecular design of low-phosphorus-tolerant and herbicide-tolerant traits, taking into consideration the improvement of insect-resistant traits. Through the rational allocation of CMS lines and restorer lines, hybrid rice combinations resistant to multiple stresses were obtained, and heterosis-resistant heterosis was used.