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对合理性的社会批判有两个来源,一个是18世纪的浪漫主义,另一个就是马克思。马克思对剩余价值的分析证实了社会组织的合理原则会产生一个带有偏见的结果。由于现代社会的合理性主要是由市场、组织和技术围绕着合理性的原则建立的,因此作者认为,马克思用于分析市场的方法也可以用于分析技术,而法兰克福学派就是在此基础上提出了一种对技术的合理批判。技术政治学的出现使我们看到技术发展的模式逐渐类似于日常的政治活动,而社会建构论从社会因素的角度强调技术发展的不确定性。作者从法兰克福学派和科学技术论研究出发,提出了一种新的两级“工具化理论”。指出在不同的社会条件下,技术能够被重新设计,以便服务于人类和自然,而不是统治人类和自然。
There are two sources of social criticism of rationality, one is 18th century romanticism and the other is Marxism. Marx’s analysis of the surplus value confirms that the reasonable principle of social organization will produce a biased result. Since the rationality of modern society is mainly established around the principle of rationality by markets, organizations and technologies, the author believes that Marx’s method for analyzing markets can also be applied to analytical techniques. On the basis of this, the Frankfurt School proposes A reasonable critique of technology. The appearance of technical politics makes us see that the pattern of technological development gradually resembles daily political activities while social constructivism emphasizes the uncertainty of technological development from the perspective of social factors. Based on the study of Frankfurt School and science and technology, the author proposes a new two-level “instrumentalization theory”. Pointing out that under different social conditions technology can be redesigned to serve human beings and nature rather than rule human beings and nature.