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河川基流量的变化是区域气候变化与人类活动的综合反映,其对维持生态系统健康具有重要的意义。以黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型流域窟野河流域为研究对象,利用1959—2005年实测水文、气象资料,基于Chapman-Maxwell数字滤波法的基流量计算,分析窟野河流域河川基流量的变化趋势与演变特征,从气候变化和人类活动两方面探讨了河川基流量变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)近50年来,流域内7个时段(全年;春季、夏季、秋季、冬季;汛期、非汛期)的基流量均表现为极显著减少趋势,全年基流量的减少量为0.628 mm/a,并在1980和1996年发生两次明显的突变;(2)与基准期(1959—1979年)相比,水土保持效应期(1980—1995年)的全年日基流量在5%,50%和95%的频率上相对减少率分别为30%,38%和54%,煤炭开发期(1996—2005年)的全年日基流量在5%,50%和95%的频率上相对减少率分别为57%,68%和100%;(3)流域河川基流量减少是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,降水量的变化一定程度影响基流量,但主要驱动因素是流域内大面积连片开采煤炭资源和过量开发利用地下水。
The change of river base flow is a comprehensive reflection of regional climate change and human activities, which is of great significance to maintain ecosystem health. Taking the Kuye River Basin, a typical drainage area in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau, as the research object, the basal flow calculation based on the Chapman-Maxwell digital filtering method was used to analyze the changes of the river base flow in the Kuye River Basin using the measured hydrological and meteorological data from 1959 to 2005 Trends and evolutive characteristics of driving forces, and discusses the driving factors of river base flow changes from two aspects of climate change and human activities. The results show that: (1) In the recent 50 years, the basal flow in 7 periods (all year; spring, summer, autumn, winter; flood season and non-flood season) in the basin all showed a significant decrease trend. Was 0.628 mm / a, and two obvious mutations occurred in 1980 and 1996. (2) Compared with the reference period (1959-1979), the annual base-flow rate of the soil and water conservation effect period (1980-1995) The relative reduction rates at 5%, 50% and 95% were 30%, 38% and 54% respectively, while those for the coal development period (1996-2005) were between 5%, 50% and 95% (57%, 68% and 100% respectively). (3) The reduction of basal flow in river basins is the result of the joint action of climate change and human activities. The change of precipitation affects the basal flow to a certain extent, but the main driving factors It is a large-area contiguous exploitation of coal resources within the river basin and the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in excess.