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目的调查入伍新兵急性呼吸道疾病的常见病原体,为预防控制呼吸道传染病提供科学依据。方法留取40例老兵、204例新兵和40例急性呼吸道疾病新兵咽拭子,提取DNA和RNA,检测15种病原体的核酸,并留取急性呼吸道疾病新兵双份血清检测抗病原体抗体。结果老兵组咽拭子流感病毒、肺炎支原体和肺炎链球菌核酸的检出率分别为32.5%、25.0%和15.0%,高于新兵组的2.5%、2.5%和2.9%(P<0.05);在40例散发的患有急性呼吸道疾病的新兵中,甲型和乙型流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为5.0%和55.0%,肺炎支原体、肺炎链球菌和嗜肺军团菌的阳性率分别为20.0%、7.5%和15.0%,与老兵组(分别为25.0%、15.0%和17.5%)或新兵入营时(分别为2.5%、2.9%和7.4%)相比,差异均无统计学意义(均有P>0.05);对患有急性呼吸道疾病的新兵急性期和恢复期双份血清检测发现,乙型流感病毒感染发生率为65.0%(26/40),甲型流感病毒感染率为5.0%(2/40),无甲型流感病毒H5N1等感染病例发生。结论入伍新兵在入训期间散发的急性呼吸道疾病以流感病毒感染为主。
Objective To investigate the common pathogens of recruits recruits for acute respiratory diseases and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. Methods Forty veterans, 204 recruits and 40 throat swabs were enrolled in this study. DNA and RNA were extracted and the nucleic acids of 15 pathogens were detected. Anti-pathogen antibodies were also detected in recrudescence serum of recruits of acute respiratory diseases. Results The detection rates of throat swab influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 32.5%, 25.0% and 15.0% respectively in veterans group, which were 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.9% respectively (P <0.05). Among the 40 recruits with acute respiratory diseases, the positive rates of influenza A and B were 5.0% and 55.0% respectively, the positive rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were 20.0% , 7.5% and 15.0% respectively. There was no significant difference between the veterans group (25.0%, 15.0% and 17.5% respectively) and the newly recruited (2.5%, 2.9% and 7.4% respectively) There was P> 0.05). The acute and convalescent serum samples of recruits with acute respiratory diseases found that the prevalence of influenza B virus was 65.0% (26/40) and the rate of influenza A virus infection was 5.0% (2/40), no case of influenza A virus H5N1 and other infections occurred. Conclusions The recurrent acute respiratory diseases expeditionary recruits were recruited as flu virus.