20世纪有两大进步是以往的历史不敢企望的。其一是机械化、自动化、智能化作为生产方式基本替代了传统的手工劳作;其二是作为个体的人的价值实现了空前的觉悟。两个进步都是不可逆转的。对于人类,前者是有关身体的一次解放;后者是有关精神的一次解放。两种解放之间存在着互为因果的关系,但亦存在彼此相左的势态。 Two major advances of the 20th century were the unforeseeable past history. The first is that mechanization, automation and intelligence basically replace the traditional manual workmanship as a mode of production. The second is the unprecedented realization of the value of individuals as individuals. Both advances are irreversible. For humans, the former is an emancipation of the body; the latter is an emancipation of the mind. There is a causal relationship between the two liberations, but there are also mutually antagonistic trends.