20世纪初,人们已经对生物半透膜及细胞内外液体的离子分布特性有所了解。学者们在对生物电产生机制的研究中逐渐发现了生物膜对离子通透性的变化。1902年伯恩斯坦在他的膜学说中提出神经细胞膜对钾离子有选择通透性。1939年霍奇金与赫胥黎用微电极插入枪乌贼巨神经纤维中,直接 The early 20th century, people have biological semi-permeable membrane and intracellular and extracellular liquid ion distribution characteristics of an understanding. Scholars have gradually found the changes of biofilm to ion permeability in the study of the mechanism of bioelectricity. In 1902 Bernstein proposed in his membrane theory that the nerve cell membrane is selectively permeable to potassium ions. In 1939 Hodgkin and Huxley inserted micro-electrodes into the calamus nerve fibers, directly