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手术机器人作为外科医生的一项新工具，目前已经逐步进入骨科领域。前期由于技术有限、设备笨重、成本高昂、市场需求不大等，骨科机器人的发展进入了很长时间的停滞期。近十年来随着人工智能技术在各行各业中的发展，研发经费的投入，生产成本的降低及对精准医疗、个体化医疗的需求，各种各样新颖而巧妙的机器人系统被提出、原型化并商业化，参与到大多数重要的骨科手术过程中，包括膝关节和髋关节置换、交叉韧带手术、脊柱手术、矫形截骨术、骨肿瘤手术和创伤手术等，本文针对手术机器人在骨科领域的发展历史及未来的应用前景做一综述。“,”Surgical robots, as a new means for surgeons, have been gradually applied in orthopedics. Initially, the development of orthopedic robots was stagnant for a long time because of limited techniques available, clumsy equipment, high costs, and low market demands. The recent decade has witnessed rapid growth of artificial intelligence in all walks of life, increasing investment in research and development, reducing manufacture costs and expanding demands for precise and individualized medical treatment so that a wide variety of novel and ingenious robotic systems have been proposed, prototyped, and commercialized in most of the major procedures in orthopedic surgery, including knee and hip replacements, cruciate ligaments surgery, spine surgery, corrective osteotomy, bone tumor surgery, and trauma surgery. This review depicts the history of development and future prospects in application of surgical robots in the field of orthopedics.