移植干细胞分化的胰岛β细胞能逆转糖尿病鼠的高血糖症,为细胞疗法临床应用于糖尿病治疗提供依据。但如何诱导干细胞高效、定向分化为具有分泌功能的胰岛β细胞,仍是当今世界难题。就影响干细胞分化为胰岛β细胞的关键转录因子PDX-1、Ngn3、NeuroD1、MafA的作用及机制进行综述,为干细胞高效定向分化提供新的思路。 Transplantation of stem cell-differentiated pancreatic β-cells can reverse the hyperglycemia in diabetic mice and provide the basis for the clinical application of cell therapy in the treatment of diabetes. However, how to induce efficient and directional differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic islet β cells with secretory function remains a difficult problem in today’s world. The roles and mechanisms of PDX-1, Ngn3, NeuroD1, and MafA, which are the key transcription factors that affect the differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic β cells, are summarized, providing new ideas for efficient directional differentiation of stem cells.