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要理解许多当代城市问题,必须从包含了地理、技术和社会经济等维度的空间视角出发。作者在文中首次提出一个将地理区位、交通方式与通讯手段、有关的社会经济特征等视为要素的空间视角。这些要素一起决定了有效距离及由有效距离而定的场所及人的空间处境。对这个视角进行理论探讨后,作者使用波士顿都市区的通勤数据来做分析,举例说明了能影响空间相互作用的各种要素。作者接下来应用这个空间视角,对两个重要城市研究领域里的关键问题提出新见解。领域之一是城市低收入劳动力市场,关注的是在都市区经济活动日益分散的情况下获得就业机会的问题。运用与所提出的空间视角相一致的分析框架发现,在美国城市劳动力市场中,劳动者空间处境的主要决定因素是他们的交通方式而不是他们的居住区位。另一个领域是远程通讯,关注的是远程通讯对出行行为和居住区位选择的影响。通过研究地理、技术和社会经济要素在构成及跨越物质活动空间与虚拟活动空间时的作用,我们能够增强空间分析能力,从而理解不同情境下的远程通讯的空间效应。
To understand many contemporary urban issues, we must start from a spatial perspective that includes geography, technology and socio-economic dimensions. For the first time, the author proposes a spatial perspective that takes geographic location, modes of transportation and means of communication, and relevant socio-economic characteristics as elements. Together, these factors determine the effective distance and the space and location of the person as determined by the effective distance. After a theoretical discussion of this perspective, the authors used commute data from the Boston metropolitan area for analysis, illustrating various elements that can affect spatial interactions. The authors then apply this spatial perspective to come up with new insights into the key issues in the research of two important cities. One of the areas is the urban low-income labor market, which focuses on the issue of employment opportunities given the increasingly dispersed economic activity in metropolitan areas. Using an analytical framework consistent with the proposed space perspective, it is found that in the urban labor market in the United States, the main determinant of the spatial conditions of workers is their mode of transport rather than their place of residence. Another area is telecommunications, focusing on the impact of telecommunications on travel behavior and residential location choices. By studying the role of geography, technology and socioeconomic elements in shaping and spanning the space of physical and virtual activities, we can enhance spatial analysis capabilities to understand the spatial effects of telecommunications in different contexts.