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精神活性物质滥用对个人和社会造成严重危害。物质滥用包括非违禁物质的滥用,违禁物质的非法使用。被滥用的违禁物质和非违禁物质均为依赖性物质(或药物),具有强化作用与奖赏效应,使用者将出现愉悦欣快的精神效应,引起一些人非医疗目的周期性或连续地使用该物质,使脑发生复杂的不良变化,最终导致对该物质的依赖和成瘾。物质成瘾是慢性、复发性脑疾病,具有强迫性觅药和用药而不顾及不良后果的行为特征。物质依赖不是缺乏意志和力量的问题,而是一种影响任何人的医学疾病。当前采用药物治疗物质依赖性和行为干预的方法减少其危害已取得成效,但大多数成瘾者仍然得不到相应的治疗。要减低物质滥用及相关疾病所造成的负担,必须依靠以证据为基础的治理政策和规划。
The abuse of psychoactive substances poses a serious risk to individuals and society. Substance abuse includes the abuse of non-prohibited substances and the illegal use of prohibited substances. Abuse of prohibited substances and non-prohibited substances are dependent substances (or drugs), with the strengthening effect and reward effect, the user will enjoy the pleasure of euphoria, cause some people non-medical purposes periodically or continuously use Matter, making the brain complex adverse changes, eventually leading to the dependence of the substance and addiction. Substance addiction is a chronic, recurrent brain disease with behavioral characteristics that compels for drug use and medication regardless of adverse consequences. Material dependence is not a matter of lack of will and power, but a medical condition that affects anyone. At present, the effectiveness of drug treatment of substance dependence and behavioral interventions to reduce their harm has been achieved, but most addicts still lack access to appropriate treatment. To reduce the burden of substance abuse and related diseases, we must rely on evidence-based governance policies and programs.