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联合国科教文组织指出:水资源指可利用或有可能被利用的水源,这个水源应具有足够的数量和可用的质量,是人类生产、生活及生命生存不可替代的自然资源和环境资源,在一定的经济技术条件下能够为社会直接利用或待利用,参与自然界水量循环,影响国民经济的淡水。人类社会发展的实践已充分证明,世上一切生物都离不开水的滋润。我国地处亚洲季风气候区,降水时空分布不均,水旱灾害频繁。治国必先治水,治水才能安民兴邦,这是历史经验的总结。新中国成立以来,为防御水旱灾害,党中央、国务院十分重视水利建设,组织动员亿万人民群众,兴修了数以万计的各类水利设施,在抗御水旱灾害斗争中发挥了显著的减灾作用,为我国的经济发展和社会稳定起到了基础保障作用。但是,由于各种原因,我国江河湖泊所在的城乡防洪标准普遍偏低;我国各类供水设施的现状;年供水5600多亿立方米,城乡排放的废水、污水每年达600亿立方米左右;我国水资源总量为2.8万亿立方米,人均2200立方米左右,是世界人均水平的1/4;水资源拥有量在地域上分布不均,南方多,北方少,华北地区人均水资源量只有400立方米左右。按照国际通常说法,人均年拥有水量在2000—10000立方米时,将出现干旱季节的用水问题;人均年拥有水量在1000—2000立方米时,会出现缺水问题;少于1000立方米时,会出现严重的缺水的水荒局面。用这个标准检验,完全符合我国的实际情况。正常年景,按现状用水,农业每年缺水300亿立方米左右;城市缺水70亿立方米左右。遇到旱年缺水就更严重了。随着我国经济持续、快速、健康发展和人口不断增加及其生活质量日益提高,对水的需求量越来越大,解决13亿多人口的用水问题,已成为我国社会经济发展必须正视的问题。
UNESCO points out: Water refers to the available or likely to be used as a source of water, which should be of sufficient quantity and quality available that it is an irreplaceable source of natural and environmental resources for the survival, survival and survival of human beings. Under the economic and technological conditions, it can directly utilize or be used by society, participate in the circulation of water in nature, and affect the freshwater of the national economy. The practice of human social development has fully proved that all living things in the world are inseparable from the moisture of the water. China is located in the Asian monsoon climate zone with uneven temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, frequent floods and droughts. To govern the country must first rule the water, flood control can benefit the people, which is a summary of historical experience. Since the founding of New China, in order to prevent floods and droughts, the Central Party Committee and the State Council attach great importance to water conservancy construction, mobilize hundreds of millions of people and organize tens of thousands of water conservancy facilities and play a significant role in the fight against floods and droughts The role of disaster reduction has provided the basic guarantee for our country’s economic development and social stability. However, due to various reasons, the flood control standards for urban and rural areas where rivers and lakes of our country are generally low; the current status of various types of water supply facilities in our country; annual water supply of more than 5600 billion cubic meters; wastewater discharged from urban and rural areas and sewage reaching 60 billion cubic meters per year; The total amount of water resources is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, with a per capita population of 2200 cubic meters, which is 1/4 of the world average. The water resources are unevenly distributed in geographical areas, with more in the south and less in the north. The per capita water resources in North China are only 400 cubic meters or so. According to the international general statement, when annual per capita annual water volume is between 2000 and 10000 cubic meters, the problem of water consumption during the drought season will occur. When annual per capita water volume is between 1000 and 2000 cubic meters, water shortage will occur. When the average annual water volume is below 1,000 cubic meters, There will be a serious shortage of water shortage situation. With this standard test, in full compliance with the actual situation in our country. Normal years, according to the current situation of water, agriculture, annual water shortage of 30 billion cubic meters; the city’s water shortage of 7 billion cubic meters. In the dry years of water shortage is even more serious. With China’s sustained, rapid and healthy economic development and increasing population, as well as its ever-increasing quality of life, its demand for water is growing. To solve the water use problem of more than 1.3 billion people has become a problem that China must face in its social and economic development .