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天然气作为高热值、低排放、低污染的环保能源,市场需求激增,供应面临巨大压力,其行业的规模和状态,在很大程度上取决于其定价政策。全面深化天然气价格改革,探索新常态下的天然气定价机制,需要系统研究天然气定价形成机制历史及价格变化情况。为此,本文全面回顾了四川天然气定价历程,以翔实的政府定价文献为依据,将四川天然气价格形成机制分为高度集中的政府定价时期、价格“双轨制”时期、恢复政府定价时期和政府指导价时期这四个不可分割的历史阶段,系统介绍了各阶段的天然气价格变化情况,分析其主要价格特征,指出不同历史时期天然气价格的概念、组成、分类及定价机制均不尽相同。探寻天然气价格调整和变化轨迹,总结积累天然气价格改革经验,对进一步深化以市场为导向的天然气价格改革具有积极的指导意义。
Natural gas, as a high-calorific, low-emission and low-pollution environmental energy source, has surged market demand and pressure on supply. The size and status of its industry depend largely on its pricing policy. To comprehensively deepen the reform of natural gas prices and explore the natural gas pricing mechanism in the new normal, we need to systematically study the history and price changes of natural gas pricing mechanism. Therefore, this paper reviews the natural gas pricing history in Sichuan comprehensively and based on the detailed government pricing documents, divides the price formation mechanism of natural gas in Sichuan into highly concentrated period of government pricing, price “double-track system”, restoration of government pricing period and government Guiding Price Period, which are four indivisible historical stages, systematically introduced the changes of natural gas prices in all phases, analyzed the main price characteristics, and pointed out that the concept, composition, classification and pricing mechanism of natural gas prices in different historical periods are different. Explore the natural gas price adjustment and change trajectory, summed up the accumulation of gas price reform experience, to further deepen the market-oriented reform of natural gas prices have a positive guiding significance.