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一、生平简历德国数学家、天文学家和物理学家朗伯(Johann,HeinrichLambert,1728—1777),出生于德国米尔古赞市的一个裁缝之家,未受过良好的学校教育.他家境贫苦,12岁辍学,先跟其父学艺,做过书记员,曾在铁厂学徒,经刻苦自学而成才.朗伯学习数学始于一位顾客给了他一本关于数学的书,在这本书里他发现了一些计算错误.17岁前,朗伯自学了一些数学、物理和天文学知识.他还自学掌握了四种外语(法语、意大利语、拉丁语和希腊语).1745年,朗伯来到瑞士的巴塞尔,在一名友善的律师处工作,业余时间他认真读书,侧重学习哲学和法学方面的著作.在这位律师的推荐下,1748年他又到一位公爵家任家庭教师,时间长达8年;这期间朗伯利用东家的显贵地位和藏书,继续自学深造,完成了他的自学计划,并结识了许多学者.后来,他和其学生多次赴哥廷根、荷兰的乌德勒支和海牙等地旅游,最后到了巴黎,在此他结识了著名的法国哲学家、数学家和物理学家达朗贝尔(1717—1783).1759年,他在慕尼黑教书,并当选为新建的慕尼黑科学院院士.1764年2月,朗伯接受支持、鼓励科学和艺术的腓特烈
First, the biographical resume German mathematician, astronomer and physicist Lambert (Johann, HeinrichLambert, 1728-1777), was born in the German city of Gülzan, a tailor’s house, not a good school education.His family is poor, 12 years old dropped out of school, first with his father learning arts, worked as a clerk, apprenticeship in the ironworks, learned by self-cultivation and talent .. Lambert math began with a customer gave him a book on mathematics, in this He found some computational errors in his book, and before he was 17 years old, he learned some math, physics and astronomy knowledge and learned to master four foreign languages (French, Italian, Latin and Greek). In 1745, He came to Basel, Switzerland, worked for a friendly lawyer, spent his free time studying, focusing on philosophy and jurisprudence, and at the recommendation of the lawyer, he went to a Duke’s home in 1748 Family tutor for a period of up to 8 years; During this period, Lambert used his master’s dignitaries status and collection of books to continue self-study, completed his self-study plan and met many scholars. Later, he and his students went to Gottingen , Utrecht, The Hague and other places in the Netherlands , And finally to Paris, where he met the famous French philosopher, mathematician and physicist Darabelle (1717-1783), who taught in Munich in 1759 and was elected a new member of the Munich Academy of Sciences. In February, Lambert received support from Friedrich Friedrich, a science and art director