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历史上经济不发达的国家,在建立社会主义制度以后,如何巩固和发展社会主义,跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”,成为二十世纪的一个历史性课题.本文简论了列宁、斯大林、毛泽东对此都曾作过有益的探索,但始终没有解决好“跨越”的问题.50年代初至60年代末、80年代末到90年代初,苏联和东欧社会主义国家先后进行改革,可是改革失败.而邓小平理论解放思想,实事求是,从理论和实践上初步地比较全面、系统、科学地解答了这一历史性难题,为建设和发展社会主义找到了成功之路.
In the history of an economically underdeveloped country, after the establishment of the socialist system, how to consolidate and develop socialism and cross the “Cafudin Gorge” has become a historic issue in the twentieth century.This paper briefly discusses Lenin’s, Stalin’s and Mao Zedong’s All this made useful explorations, but the problem of “leapfrogging” has never been solved. From the early 1950s to the late 1960s, from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the Soviet Union and the socialist countries in Eastern Europe carried out reforms in succession, but the reforms failed. However, Deng Xiaoping Theory emancipated its mind and sought truth from facts initially and comprehensively, systematically and scientifically answered this historic problem theoretically and practically, finding a successful path for building and developing socialism.